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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Microbiol. 2014 Mar 11;17(4):947–959. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12419

Fig. 5. HmsC and HmsE respectively reduce and increase in vitro biofilm formation in epidemic and endemic strains of Y. pestis.

Fig. 5

A crystal violet staining assay was used to assess Hms biofilm formation in: A) parent strains and their hmsC mutants (hmsC−); B) strains carrying pBAD30 or pBAD-hmsE; C) Kuma strains carrying pBAD30 or pBAD-hmsC. Results are from duplicate assays from two independent cultures. Error bars indicate standard deviations. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences in biofilm formation between parent strains and their respective hmsC mutants (A) or between strains carrying pBAD-hmsE versus the pBAD30 vector (B) by Student’s T-test (*P<0.05, **P<0.005 *** P<0.001). The asterisks with brackets indicate statistically significant differences between the two indicated strains.