Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics Drug-Resistant and Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis, California, 1993–2008
| Characteristic | RMR (N=160) | MDR (N=617) | IMR (N=3,434) | Drug-susceptible (N=37,121) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV co-infection | 59 (36.9) 7.23 (5.23–9.99) |
26 (4.2) 0.54 (0.37–0.81) |
167 (4.9) 0.63 (0.54–0.74) |
2,775 (7.5) Ref |
| Sputum AFB smear-positive | 74 (68.5) 1.35 (0.95–1.91) |
359 (67.8) 1.67 (1.41–1.99) |
1,535 (58.8) 1.08 (1.01–1.17) |
15,131 (57.9) Ref |
| Cavitary disease | 32 (29.1) 1.04 (0.70–1.53) |
198 (36.4) 2.02 (1.71–2.40) |
707 (25.9) 1.12 (1.02–1.22) |
6,909 (24.9) Ref |
| Extrapulmonary TB Disease Site | 50 (31.3) 1.35 (0.96–1.88) |
73 (11.8) 0.40 (0.31–0.51) |
704 (20.5) 0.76 (0.70–0.83) |
9,363 (25.2) Ref |
| Previous TB diagnosis | 23 (14.5) 2.75 (1.77–4.29) |
186 (30.4) 7.11 (5.95–8.49) |
279 (8.2) 1.45 (1.27–1.65) |
2,133 (5.8) Ref |
| Culture conversion | 91 (77.1) 0.91 (0.59–1.40) |
397 (84.8) 1.51 (1.17–1.95) |
2,189 (82.9) 1.32 (1.18–1.40) |
21,190 (78.7) Ref |
| Time to culture conversion, median days (IQR)a | 93.5 (42.0–162.0)* | 79.5 (38.0–144.0)* | 48 (26.0–84.0) | 50 (27.0–81.0) |
| Self-administered therapy | 51 (31.5) 0.92 (0.66–1.27) |
71 (13.6) 0.30 (0.23–0.39) |
974 (30.1) 0.83 (0.77–0.90) |
11,678 (34.1) Ref |
| Duration of therapy, median days (IQR)b | 531 (371.0–582.0)* | 749 (606.0–834.0)* | 289 (223.0–375.5)* | 252 (192.0–316.0) |
| Time to culture conversion, median days (IQR)a | 93.5 (42.0–162.0)* | 79.5 (38.0–144.0)* | 48 (26.0–84.0) | 50 (27.0–81.0) |
| Reason therapy stopped | ||||
| Completed treatment | 97 (65.5) 0.40 (0.28–0.55) |
354 (68.5) 0.47 (0.39–0.57) |
2,765 (84.6) 1.18 (1.07–1.30) |
28,867 (82.5) Ref |
| Died | 33 (22.53) 2.82 (1.92–4.15) |
72 (14.13.9) 1.58 (1.23–2.03) |
223 (6.98) 0.73 (0.63–0.83) |
3,196 (9.21) Ref |
| Default | 7 (4.7) 1.79 (0.83–3.81) |
20 (3.9) 1.47 (0.93–2.30) |
83 (2.5) 0.94 (0.75–1.18) |
940 (2.7) Ref |
| Transferred | 10 (6.8) 1.32 (0.69–2.51) |
63 (12.2) 2.57 (1.97–3.36) |
178 (5.5) 1.05 (0.90–1.23) |
1,811 (5.2) Ref |
Definition of abbreviations: IMR, isoniazid-resistant; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multi drug-resistant; Ref, reference group; RMR, rifampin mono-resistant; TB, tuberculosis.
All values are No. (%) / Prevalence Ratio (95% CI), unless otherwise noted. All categories of drug resistance exclude those who acquired drug resistance during therapy. The denominator for each characteristic excludes missing or unknown values.
*
p <0.001 difference in medians relative to drug-susceptible.
a
Calculated for individuals who cultured-converted only.
b
Calculated for individuals who completed therapy only.