Table 4.
Never, ref. | Less than once a week | Once a week | Several times a week | Daily | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical activities | |||||
Bicycling | 1.00 | 0.74 (0.34 – 1.61) | 0.60 (0.22 – 1.66) | 0.64 (0.36 – 1.12) | 0.61 (0.31 – 1.21) |
Walkinga | 1.00 | 0.54* (0.33 – 0.87) | 0.64 (0.36 – 1.15) | 1.00 (0.69 – 1.44) | 0.58* (0.35 – 0.98) |
Swimming | 1.00 | 0.71 (0.40 – 1.27) | 0.78 (0.36 – 1.67) | 0.46 (0.11 – 1.85) | 0.00 (0.00 – 1.553E+101b) |
Gymnastics | 1.00 | 1.47 (0.74 – 2.93) | 1.29 (0.79 – 2.09) | 0.93 (0.56 – 1.55) | 0.80 (0.55 – 1.18) |
Chores/gardeningc | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.63 – 2.18) | 0.41 (0.13 – 1.32) | 0.91 (0.58 – 1.42) | 0.52*** (0.37 – 0.73) |
Others | 1.00 | 0.34* (0.14 – 0.82) | 0.55 (0.18 – 1.73) | 0.23 (0.03 – 1.67) | 1.42 (0.52 – 3.86) |
Cognitive activities | |||||
Crossword puzzling | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.42 – 1.50) | 1.57 (0.92 – 2.67) | 0.85 (0.56 – 1.27) | 0.73 (0.51 – 1.04) |
Memory training/brainteasers | 1.00 | 0.68 (0.32 – 1.45) | 0.75 (0.33 – 1.70) | 0.59 (0.26 – 1.33) | 0.25* (0.08 – 0.78) |
Games | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.55 – 1.29) | 0.89 (0.51 – 1.53) | 1.08 (0.62 – 1.90) | 0.98 (0.46 – 2.11) |
Reading | 1.00 | 1.75 (0.55 – 5.53) | 0.79 (0.20 – 3.11) | 0.97 (0.41 – 2.30) | 0.75 (0.35 – 1.62) |
Writing | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.75 – 1.40) | 0.73 (0.38 – 1.43) | 0.85 (0.38 – 1.88) | 0.84 (0.30 – 2.33) |
Playing music | 1.00 | 0.73 (0.29 – 1.79) | 0.74 (0.23 – 2.39) | 0.00 (0.00 – 2.563E–107b) | 1.16 (0.28 – 4.74) |
Social activities | |||||
Taking care of others | 1.00 | 0.48 (0.20 – 1.17) | 1.03 (0.38 – 2.81) | 1.22 (0.45 – 3.32) | 0.73 (0.23 – 2.31) |
Social engagement | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.52 – 1.36) | 0.76 (0.41 – 1.40) | 0.70 (0.30 – 1.59) | 1.57 (0.57 – 4.27) |
Data are HRs with 95% CIs given in parentheses, unless otherwise specified. ref. = Reference.
p < 0.05;
p < 0.001.
Overall significance, p < 0.05.
The upper limit of the CI could not be observed due to the small number of participants.
Overall significance, p < 0.01.