n | % | n | % | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Boy | 1316 | 50.0 | 347 | 52.5 | |
Girl | 1317 | 50.0 | 314 | 47.5 | 0.25 |
Caesarean section | |||||
No | 2321 | 88.2 | 546 | 82.6 | |
Yes | 312 | 11.9 | 115 | 17.4 | < 0.001 |
Newborn respiratory diagnosis, | |||||
No | 2491 | 94.6 | 625 | 94.6 | |
Yes | 142 | 5.4 | 36 | 5.5 | 0.96 |
Older siblings | |||||
0 | 1478 | 56.1 | 343 | 51.9 | |
≥ 1 | 1155 | 43.9 | 318 | 48.1 | 0.05 |
Breastfeeding | |||||
< 4 months | 486 | 18.7 | 175 | 27.1 | |
≥ 4 months | 2108 | 81.3 | 472 | 73.0 | < 0.001 |
Parental history of allergic disease | |||||
No | 1846 | 70.8 | 441 | 67.3 | |
Yes | 762 | 29.2 | 214 | 32.7 | 0.08 |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and/or in infancy | |||||
No | 2297 | 87.3 | 546 | 82.7 | |
Yes | 335 | 12.7 | 114 | 17.3 | 0.002 |
Socio-economic status | |||||
Blue-collar worker | 413 | 15.9 | 138 | 21.2 | |
White-collar worker | 2184 | 84.1 | 513 | 78.8 | 0.001 |
Child’s overweight at 16 years | |||||
No | 1572 | 87.5 | 296 | 67.6 | |
Yes | 224 | 12.5 | 142 | 32.4 | < 0.001 |
P-value obtained from t-test.
Obtained from the medical birth registry.
P-value obtained from chi-square test.
Includes hypoxia, asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome and other respiratory conditions of fetuses and newborns (ICD 9: 768–770).
Doctor diagnosed asthma and/or hayfever in combination with reported allergy to pollen or pets in one or both parents.
The mother smoked at least one cigarette per day at any point of time during pregnancy and/or in infancy.
Defined as isoBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.