Table 2.

Hazard Ratios for first Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients with end-stage renal disease according to potential risk factors

	Unadjusted	Adjusted*
Characteristic	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	P value (in adjusted analysis)
Sex
Female	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Male	1.12 (1.00–1.24)	1.08 (0.96–1.20)	0.20
Age
<50 years	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
50-64 years	1.02 (0.90–1.16)	0.87 (0.76–1.00)	0.06
≥65 years	1.09 (0.96–1.25)	0.87 (0.75–1.00)	0.06
Diabetes mellitus
No	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Yes	1.33 (1.18–1.50)	1.05 (0.91–1.22)	0.52
m-CCI
Low	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Moderate	1.33 (1.15–1.54)	1.20 (1.03–1.40)	0.02
High	1.86 (1.62–2.14)	1.61 (1.37–1.91)	<0.001
Calendar period
1992–1996	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
1997–2001	0.92 (0.80–1.06)	0.86 (0.75–0.98)	0.03
2002–2006	0.81 (0.70–0.93)	0.72 (0.62–0.83)	<0.001
2007–2009	0.78 (0.64–0.94)	0.69 (0.57–0.84)	<0.001
Cause of ESRD
Glomerulonephritis	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Diabetes mellitus	1.55 (1.29–1.86)	1.77 (0.95–1.45)	0.13
CIN	1.05 (0.84–1.31)	0.98 (0.78–1.22)	0.85
Hypertensive kidney	1.24 (1.04–1.48)	1.15 (0.96–1.38)	0.12
Polycystic kidney	0.55 (0.41–0.74)	0.54 (0.40–0.72)	<0.001
Vasculitis	1.42 (1.06–1.90)	1.25 (0.92–1.68)	0.15
Other	1.19 (0.94–1.52)	1.09 (0.85–1.40)	0.50
Renal replacement therapy
Transplantation	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
Hemodialysis	3.95 (3.34–4.68)	5.41 (4.13–7.09)	<0.001
Peritoneal dialysis	0.58 (0.51–0.65)	2.07 (1.46–2.95)	<0.001

*Adjusted for sex, age, diabetes, modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, calendar period, cause of ESRD, and renal replacement therapy. m-CCI score categories low = 0-1, moderate = 2-3, and high > 3. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; m-CCI: modified Charlson Comorbidity Index; ESRD: end-stage renal disease.