. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 16.

Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Aug 25;44(10):766–A4. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2014.5575

Table 2.

Positive and negative work (J·kg^-1) performed by each muscle across the running cycle at 3 different step rate conditions (90%, 100%, and 110% of preferred).^*

Muscle		90%	100%	110%
Biceps Femoris Long Head	Positive	0.044 (0.017)	0.045 (0.015)	0.045 (0.015)
Biceps Femoris Long Head	Negative	-0.055 (0.014)	-0.056 (0.015)	-0.060 (0.017)^† ^‡
Semimembranosus	Positive	0.110 (0.038)	0.100 (0.034)	0.100 (0.034)
Semimembranosus	Negative	-0.170 (0.041)^†	-0.180 (0.042)	-0.200 (0.048)^† ^‡
Gluteus Maximus	Positive	0.210 (0.066)^†	0.170 (0.058)	0.150 (0.048)^‡
Gluteus Maximus	Negative	-0.051 (0.030)^†	-0.033 (0.036)	-0.022 (0.021)^† ^‡
Gluteus Medius	Positive	0.260 (0.063)^†	0.210 (0.048)	0.170 (0.042)^† ^‡
Gluteus Medius	Negative	-0.110 (0.038)^†	-0.100 (0.033)	-0.073 (0.030)^† ^‡
Gluteus Minimus	Positive	0.150 (0.049)^†	0.130 (0.044)	0.100 (0.038)^† ^‡
Gluteus Minimus	Negative	-0.099 (0.033)	-0.099 (0.029)	-0.080 (0.025)^† ^‡
Tensor Fasciae Latae	Positive	0.013 (0.005)	0.013 (0.005)	0.012 (0.005)
Tensor Fasciae Latae	Negative	-0.032 (0.010)	-0.032 (0.010)	-0.030 (0.001)^† ^‡
Rectus Femoris	Positive	0.080 (0.029)^†	0.074 (0.025)	0.067 (0.023)^† ^‡
Rectus Femoris	Negative	-0.370 (0.093)^†	-0.350 (0.088)	-0.340 (0.082)^‡
Sartorius	Positive	0.015 (0.004)	0.015 (0.003)	0.016 (0.003)
Sartorius	Negative	-0.005 (0.002)	-0.004 (0.002)	-0.003 (0.001)^† ^‡
Psoas	Positive	0.099 (0.031)	0.100 (0.024)	0.100 (0.022)
Psoas	Negative	-0.043 (0.019)	-0.039 (0.015)	-0.035 (0.016)^‡
Iliacus	Positive	0.150 (0.033)^†	0.170 (0.035)	0.190 (0.037)^† ^‡
Iliacus	Negative	-0.089 (0.030)^†	-0.079 (0.030)	-0.075 (0.030)^‡
Adductor Magnus	Positive	0.033 (0.014)^†	0.030 (0.014)	0.027 (0.014)^‡
Adductor Magnus	Negative	-0.007 (0.005)	-0.006 (0.004)	-0.004 (0.003)^† ^‡
Adductor Brevis	Positive	0.035 (0.014)	0.038 (0.014)	0.037 (0.013)
Adductor Brevis	Negative	-0.021 (0.011)	-0.019 (0.009)	-0.015 (0.007)^† ^‡
Adductor Longus	Positive	0.026 (0.009)	0.028 (0.010)	0.027 (0.009)
Adductor Longus	Negative	-0.015 (0.006)^†	-0.013 (0.005)	-0.011 (0.004)^† ^‡
Piriformis	Positive	0.017 (0.010)^†	0.013 (0.008)	0.011 (0.006)^† ^‡
Piriformis	Negative	-0.013 (0.006)^†	-0.011 (0.005)	-0.010 (0.004)^‡

values are mean (SD)

^†

different from 100% condition (P < .05)

^‡

different from 90% condition (P < .05)