Table 1.
Association between discomfort reported by patients,due to the use of fixed orthodontic appliance, and demographic/bio-psychosocial variables.
| Discomfort – use of orthodontic appliance | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Absent n (%) | Present n (%) | p | |
| Age | |||
| 9 to 14 years | 110 (95.7) | 5 (4.3) | < 0.001C |
| 15 to 18 years | 119 (80.4) | 29 (19.6) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 83 (84.7) | 15 (15.3) | 0.294C |
| Female | 155 (89.1) | 19 (10.9) | |
| Difficulty in eating | |||
| No | 156 (93.4) | 11 (6.6) | < 0.001C |
| Yes | 82 (78.1) | 23 (21.9) | |
| Speech impairment | |||
| No | 148 (92.5) | 12 (7.5) | 0.003C |
| Yes | 90 (80.4) | 22 (19.6) | |
| Poor oral hygiene | |||
| No | 159 (93.0) | 12 (7.0) | < 0.001C |
| Yes | 79 (78.2) | 22 (21.8) | |
| Difficulty in showing the teeth | |||
| No | 185 (87.3) | 27 (12.7) | 0.825C |
| Yes | 53 (88.3) | 7 (11.7) | |
| Difficulty in sleeping | |||
| No | 182 (88.3) | 24 (11.7) | 0.454C |
| Yes | 56 (84.8) | 10 (15.2) | |
| Difficulty in maintaining a stable emotional state | |||
| No | 201 (87.0) | 30 (13.0) | 0.564C |
| Yes | 37 (90.2) | 4 (9.8) | |
| Difficulty in performing school tasks | |||
| No | 198 (85.7) | 33 (14.3) | 0.035C |
| Yes | 40 (97.6) | 1 (2.4) | |
| Difficulty to get along with friends | |||
| No | 217 (86.8) | 33 (13.2) | 0.330F |
| Yes | 21 (95.5) | 1 (4.5) | |
C
Pearson's chi-square test
F
Fisher's exact test