Table 3.
Distribution of study sample and weighted prevalence estimates of smoking and smokeless tobacco use according to social factors from a pooled data set of 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa
| Men (n = 169,500) | Women (n = 354,927) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | Smoking (95% Cl) | SLT use (95% Cl) | Number (%) | Smoking (95% Cl) | SLT use (95% Cl) | |
| Overall prevalence | 17.17 (16.84, 17.51) | 4.47 (4.25, 4.69) | 1.27 (1.19, 1.35) | 1.84 (1.74, 1.94) | ||
| Age group | ||||||
| 15–19 | 35,780 (21.1) | 4.08 (3.78, 4.38) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.22) | 75,541 (21.3) | 0.43 (0.34, 0.51) | 0.41 (0.34, 0.48) |
| 20–29 | 51,389 (30.3) | 17.05 (16.54, 17.57) | 2.94 (2.71, 3.18) | 130,014 (36.6) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) |
| 30–39 | 39,705 (23.4) | 23.09 (22.48, 23.69) | 5.24 (4.88, 5.60) | 91,373 (25.7) | 1.58 (1.45, 1.71) | 2.34 (2.18, 2.50) |
| 40–49 | 27,541 (16.2) | 23.81 (23.07, 24.56) | 7.58 (7.11, 8.06) | 57,999 (16.3) | 2.75 (2.53, 2.96) | 4.78 (4.49, 5.06) |
| >50¶ | 15,085 (8.9) | 20.96 (20.10, 21.82) | 10.31 (9.60, 11.02) | – | – | – |
| Education | ||||||
| No education | 35,592 (21.0) | 19.88 (19.14, 20.62) | 7.13 (6.67, 7.60) | 117,279 (33.0) | 1.88 (1.73, 2.03) | 2.59 (2.40, 2.79) |
| Primary | 59,935 (35.4) | 19.27 (18.75, 19.79) | 5.59 (5.22, 5.97) | 124,961 (35.2) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.12) | 2.33 (2.17, 2.49) |
| Secondary | 62,493 (36.9) | 15.17 (14.71, 15.62) | 2.69 (2.46, 2.92) | 100,171 (28.2) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.06) | 0.71 (0.63, 0.79) |
| Higher | 11,454 (6.8) | 10.38 (9.66, 11.11) | 1.37 (1.07, 1.67) | 12,466 (3.5) | 1.08 (0.81, 1.35) | 0.13 (0.07, 0.20) |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Poorest | 32,788 (19.3) | 21.96 (21.22, 22.70) | 7.76 (7.25, 8.27) | 70,998 (20.0) | 1.68 (1.51, 1.84) | 3.52 (3.26, 3.78) |
| Poorer | 31,136 (18.4) | 19.09 (18.42, 19.76) | 5.85 (5.41, 6.29) | 66,794 (18.8) | 1.40 (1.24, 1.56) | 2.44 (2.25, 2.63) |
| Middle | 31,877 (18.8) | 17.67 (17.03, 18.31) | 5.15 (4.71, 5.58) | 66,309 (18.7) | 1.21 (1.08, 1.34) | 1.97 (1.80, 2.14) |
| Richer | 33,743 (19.9) | 15.79 (15.18, 16.40) | 3.29 (2.97, 3.60) | 69,322 (19.5) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.20) | 1.28 (1.13, 1.43) |
| Richest | 39,956 (23.6) | 13.41 (12.85, 13.97) | 1.79 (1.54, 2.04) | 81,504 (23.0) | 1.09 (0.95, 1.23) | 0.53 (0.44, 0.62) |
| Religion ‡ | ||||||
| Islam | 40,417 (23.8) | 16.41 (15.75, 17.07) | 3.91 (3.54, 4.27) | 88,552 (24.9) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.08) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.19) |
| Catholic | 35,561 (21.0) | 20.73 (20.07, 21.39) | 5.83 (5.38, 6.29) | 73,922 (20.8) | 2.53 (2.28, 2.77) | 2.60 (2.39, 2.81) |
| Protestant | 27,573 (16.3) | 16.62 (15.89, 17.36) | 4.64 (4.13, 5.15) | 59,540 (16.8) | 1.57 (1.37, 1.77) | 2.20 (1.98, 2.42) |
| Other Christian† | 42,933 (25.3) | 11.40 (10.90, 11.90) | 2.24 (2.02, 2.46) | 88,845 (25.0) | 0.59 (0.52, 0.66) | 1.21 (1.10, 1.33) |
| No religion* | 16,374 (9.7) | 29.46 (28.39, 30.52) | 9.44 (8.68, 10.20) | 22,189 (6.3) | 1.86 (1.59, 2.14) | 4.36 (3.89, 4.83) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Not in union | 68,898 (40.6) | 9.75 (9.40, 10.10) | 1.58 (1.43, 1.73) | 91,974 (25.9) | 0.66 (0.57, 0.76) | 0.45 (0.38, 0.51) |
| Married | 76,839 (45.3) | 20.96 (20.45, 21.47) | 6.44 (6.09, 6.78) | 189,266 (53.3) | 1.12 (1.03, 1.21) | 2.20 (2.06, 2.33) |
| Living together | 16,722 (9.9) | 23.16 (22.25, 24.08) | 6.11 (5.51, 6.71) | 42,064 (11.9) | 2.35 (2.12, 2.59) | 2.03 (1.82, 2.24) |
| Single¥ | 7,041 (4.2) | 35.22 (33.69, 36.75) | 7.87 (7.01, 8.74) | 31,623 (8.9) | 2.54 (2.28, 2.80) | 3.62 (3.33, 3.92) |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 59,640 (35.2) | 15.79 (15.27, 16.31) | 2.34 (2.11, 2.57) | 121,955 (34.4) | 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) | 0.73 (0.64, 0.81) |
| Rural | 109,860 (64.8) | 17.99 (17.55, 18.42) | 5.73 (5.41, 6.04) | 232,972 (65.6) | 1.29 (1.19, 1.39) | 2.47 (2.32, 2.61) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Unemployed | 26,407 (15.6) | 6.83 (6.39, 7.27) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.19) | 125,072 (35.2) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.92) | 0.86 (0.76, 0.95) |
| Professional× | 26,906 (15.9) | 14.56 (13.92, 15.21) | 2.37 (2.11, 2.63) | 72,130 (20.3) | 1.19 (1.05, 1.33) | 0.88 (0.77, 0.99) |
| Agriculture | 71,494 (42.2) | 19.96 (19.39, 20.52) | 7.39 (6.96, 7.82) | 104,653 (29.5) | 2.12 (1.92, 2.31) | 3.70 (3.46, 3.95) |
| Unskilled | 44,693 (26.4) | 20.69 (20.11, 21.26) | 3.52 (3.24, 3.80) | 53,072 (15.0) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.07) | 2.10 (1.90, 2.30) |
Totals do not add up to total sample of men and women for some categories of social factors including number of respondents who smoke tobacco or use SLT due to missing values.
¶In most countries except Tanzania, Swaziland, Namibia, and Liberia men older than 49 years (up to 54, 59, or 64 years) were surveyed.
†Includes various Christian faiths such as Adventist, Pentecostal, Eglise, Zionist, etc.
*Includes traditional religions such as Vodoun in Benin, Animism, etc.
‡Information about religion was not collected in Tanzania and Niger.
¥Single includes widowed, divorced, separated, and not living together any longer.
×Professional includes technical, manager, clerical, and business or sales; unskilled/manual includes household and domestic work other than agriculture.