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. 2014 Jul 25;6(1):24–34. doi: 10.1111/jdi.12244

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© 2014 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes Investigation published by Asian Association of the Study of Diabetes (AASD) and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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(a) Immunohistochemical photograph of glomeruli in diabetic rats (DM) with and without nitric oxide (NO) donor (NOC) treatment. In comparison with the control group (NC), mesangial cells at glomeruli in diabetic kidneys expressed stronger 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and peroxynitrite immunostaining. Decreased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and peroxynitrite expression were observed in diabetic rats after NO donor treatment. The diabetic group (DM) expressed weak endothelial NO synthase expression when compared with the normal group and restored diabetes attenuation of eNOS expression by NO donor treatment. (b) Semi quantitative evaluation of the positive immune-labeled cells. (c) Western blot analysis of homogenized kidney show that phosphorylated (Phospho) eNOS was significantly decreased in the diabetes group compared with the sham group. The restoring effect was noted in the NO donor treatment group in diabetic animals. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error. ^#P < 0.05 vs control group, ⁺P < 0.05 versus NO donor treatment group. Specimens were observed under magnification ×400. GADPH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.