Table 5.
Aquaporins | Organism | Main location | Our findings in the GI tract | Comment | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AQP0 | Mammals | Lens | na | AQP | 57 |
AQP1 | Mammals | Red blood cells | Reduced amounts in ileum in CD | AQP | 58 |
Kidney | 59 | ||||
Lung | 60 | ||||
Vascular endothelium | This study | ||||
Brain, eye: glial cells | |||||
Neurons | |||||
AQP2 | Mammals | Kidney | na | AQP | 82 |
Vas deferens | 61 | ||||
Neurons | 62 | ||||
AQP3 | Mammals | Kidney | Reduced amounts in ileum in CD | Aquaglyceroporin | 63 |
Skin | Water, glycerol, urea | This study | |||
Lung | |||||
Eye | |||||
Colon | |||||
AQP4 | Mammals | Brain, muscle, kidney, lung, stomach, small intestine | – | AQP | 64 |
Main AQP in the brain | 65 | ||||
66 | |||||
Neurons | |||||
Vascular endothelium | |||||
AQP5 | Mammals | Salivary/lacrimal gland | – | AQP | 67 |
Sweat gland | 68 | ||||
Lung | 27 | ||||
Cornea | |||||
AQP6 | Mammals | Kidney | na | AQP | 7 |
Anion channel | |||||
AQP7 | Mammals | Adipose tissue | Reduced amounts | Aquaglyceroporin | 69 |
Kidney | in ileum and | Water, glycerol, urea, arsenite | This study | ||
Testis | colon in UC | ||||
AQP8 | Mammals | Testis, kidney, liver, pancreas, small intestine, colon | Reduced amounts in ileum and colon in UC | AQP | 70 |
This study | |||||
AQP9 | Mammals | Liver, leukocytes, brain, testis | – | Aquaglyceroporin | 71 |
Water, glycerol, urea, arsenite | |||||
AQP10 | Mammals | Small intestine | na | Aquaglyceroporin | 72 |
Kidney | Water, glycerol, urea | 6 | |||
AQP11 | Mammals | Kidney ER | na | Super-AQP | 73 |
Divergent NPA motif, sign cysteine | |||||
AQP12 | Mammals | Pancreas | na | Super-AQP | 74 |
Divergent NPA motif, sign cysteine | |||||
AQPZ | E. coli, Mycobacterium abscessus* | na | na | AQP | 75 |
This study* | |||||
GlpF | E. coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes* | na | na | Aquaglyceroporin | 75 |
76 | |||||
This study* | |||||
AQY1/2 | Yeast | na | na | AQP | 77 |
78 | |||||
GLPY1/2 | Yeast | na | na | Aquaglyceroporin | 79 |
PIPs/TIPs/ | Plants | na | na | AQP | 80 |
NIPs/SIPs | 81 |
Note: – indicates not detected above threshold in the gut.
Abbreviations: AQP, aquaporin; AQPZ, aquaporin-related pore; na, not applicable; E. coli, Escherichia coli; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; glpF, glycerol facilitator; GI, gastrointestinal; NPA, asparagine-proline-alanine; CD, Crohn’s disease; NIPs, nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane proteins; PIPs, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins; SIPs, small basic intrinsic proteins; TIPs, tonoplast intrinsic proteins; UC, ulcerative colitis; AQY1/2, yeast aquaporin; GLPY1/2, yeast glycerol facilitation-like protein.