Table 2.
Comparison of the NDI-TH, pain level at rest, and cervical range of motion between three groups at 24-hour and 1-week follow-ups
| Outcome | Multiple versus single TM
|
Multiple TM versus controls
|
Single TM versus control group
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 hours
|
1 week
|
24 hours
|
1 week
|
24 hours
|
1 week
|
|||||||
| Difference (95% CI) | P-value | Difference (95% CI) | P-value | Difference (95% CI) | P-value | Difference (95% CI) | P-value | Difference (95% CI) | P-value | Difference (95% CI) | P-value | |
| NDI-TH (%) | 2.50 (−2.99, 7.74) | 0.880 | 3.00 (−2.69, 8.03) | 0.665 | 10.38 (4.21, 14.81) | <0.001a | 12.38 (5.85, 16.71) | <0.001a | 7.88 (2.01, 12.53) | 0.004a | 9.38 (3.22, 14.00) | 0.001a |
| Pain level at rest: VAS (cm) | 0.40 (−0.55, 1.36) | 0.894 | 0.45 (−0.68, 1.59) | 0.979 | 1.96 (1.04, 2.95) | <0.001a | 2.53 (1.44, 3.71) | <0.001a | 1.56 (0.63, 2.54) | <0.001a | 2.08 (0.98, 3.25) | <0.001a |
| Flexion (degrees) | −0.55 (−6.98, 5.49) | 1.00 | 2.87 (−2.31, 10.64) | 0.349 | 4.94 (−0.68, 11.69) | 0.096 | 2.10 (−9.09, 3.75) | 0.919 | 0.39 (−0.05, 12.55) | 0.053 | 4.97 (0.29, 13.38) | 0.038a |
| Extension (degrees) | −4.00 (−4.89, 9.78) | 1.00 | −4.35 (−5.47, 11.62) | 1.000 | 6.03 (−0.88, 13.69) | 0.102 | 4.35 (−1.49, 15.48) | 0.139 | 2.03 (−3.40, 11.33) | 0.562 | 6.68 (−4.66, 12.49) | 0.785 |
| Right lateral flexion (degrees) | −1.58 (−4.13, 8.21) | 1.00 | −1.26 (−2.87, 6.87) | 0.939 | 4.66 (−1.51, 10.79) | 0.201 | 4.24 (−0.64, 9.06) | 0.109 | 3.08 (−3.57, 8.78) | 0.898 | 2.98 (−2.66, 7.08) | 0.794 |
| Left lateral flexion (degrees) | 0.32 (−5.18, 5.21) | 1.00 | 1.66 (−3.48, 6.01) | 1.000 | 4.51 (−0.88, 9.50) | 0.134 | 4.88 (−0.12, 9.36) | 0.058 | 4.83 (−0.92, 9.51) | 0.139 | 6.54 (1.12, 10.65) | 0.011a |
| Right rotation (degrees) | −1.71 (−5.64, 9.76) | 1.00 | 2.05 (−6.71, 8.63) | 1.000 | 10.70 (1.61, 17.05) | 0.013a | 3.88 (−4.94, 10.43) | 1.000 | 8.99 (−0.46, 14.99) | 0.071 | 5.13 (−3.99, 11.41) | 0.711 |
| Left rotation (degrees) | 0.99 (−7.35, 7.93) | 1.00 | 2.17 (−6.11, 9.50) | 1.000 | 5.98 (1.67, 13.57) | 0.175 | 5.39 (−2.44, 13.13) | 0.283 | 6.97 (−1.40, 13.89) | 0.144 | 8.16 (−0.76, 13.86) | 0.089 |
Notes:
a
Significant difference (P-value <0.05). Values are the mean difference (95% confidence interval).
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NDI-TH, Thai version of the Neck Disability Index; TM, thoracic manipulation; VAS, visual analog scale.