Table 3.

Outcomes of the Included Studies.

Authors	Procedure	Clinical Outcome	Failure rate (%)	Conversion to TKA (%)
Minas et al.19	ACI	WOMAC P < 0.001	8.0	6.5
Filardo et al. (2011)15	ACI	IKDC P < 0.005	18.5	N/A
Filardo et al. (2013)16	ACI	IKDC P < 0.005	27.3	N/A
Ossendorf et al.20	ACI	Lysholm/IKDC/KOOS P < 0.05	12.5	2.5
Rosenberger et al.21	ACI	WOMAC/Cincinnati P < 0.001	9.0	5.4
Hollander et al.17	ACI	IKDC improvement ≥90%	N/A	N/A
Bae et al.12	MF	Daily living and pain P < 0.05	0.0	N/A
Brittberg et al.13	CF	VAS/Tegner P < 0.001	N/A	N/A
De Windt et al.14	CF	VAS/KOOS/Lysholm P < 0.005	14.9	N/A

Note: TKA = total knee arthroplasty; ACI = autologous chondrocyte implantation; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; IKDC = International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Examination Form; KOOS = Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; Cincinnati = Cincinnati Knee Rating System; MF = Microfracture; CF = carbon fibers; VAS = Visual Analogue Scale; Tegner = Tegner Activity Scale; N/A = not applicable.