Table 3.
Patient and Defect Characteristics.
| Microfracture | ACI | OAT | Total N (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patient cohorts | 12 | 22 | 4 | 39 (in 20 studies) |
| Number of subjects | 371 | 885 | 119 | 1,375 |
| Number of knees | 371 | 885 | 119 | 1,375 |
| Number of defects | 371 | 885 | 119 | 1,375 |
| Study level of evidence | ||||
| I | 4 | 7 | 1 | 12 cohorts in 6 studies (30%) |
| II | 4 | 13 | 2 | 19 cohorts in 10 studies (50%) |
| III | 4 | 2 | 1 | 7 cohorts in 4 studies (20%) |
| Study financial conflict of interest | ||||
| Yes | 3 | 7 | 1 | 11 cohorts in 8 studies (40%) |
| No | 3 | 9 | 1 | 13 cohorts in 6 studies (30%) |
| Not reported | 6 | 6 | 2 | 14 cohorts in 6 studies (30%) |
| Subjects | ||||
| Females/Males | 131/244 | 281/463 | 41/78 | 453/785a (36%/64%) |
| Mean age (years) | 32.4 | 34.2 | 29.5 | 33.3 |
| Mean body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.9 | 25.9 | 25.1 | 25.5 |
| Mean preoperative duration of symptoms (years) | 1.8 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 3.1 |
| Percentage of patients with previous surgery | 51 | 65 | 19 | 60b |
| Chondral defects | ||||
| Mean size (cm2) | 3.1 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 3.6, N = 1,289 |
| Medial femoral condyle | 164 | 506 | 87 | 757 (59%) |
| Lateral femoral condyle | 58 | 181 | 26 | 265 (21%) |
| Patella | 5 | 102 | 0 | 107 (8%) |
| Trochlea | 20 | 135 | 5 | 160 (12%) |
| Autologous chondrocyte implantation subtype | ||||
| PACI | 498 (56%) | |||
| CACI | 91 (10%) | |||
| Scaffold-based ACI | 213 (24%) | |||
| CAIS | 20 (2%) | |||
| Concomitant surgical procedures | ||||
| ACL reconstruction | 23 | 15 | 0 | 38 |
| Meniscal allograft transplant | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Meniscal repair | 13 | 5 | 1 | 19 |
| Meniscectomy | 19 | 17 | 5 | 41 |
| High tibial osteotomy | 1 | 11 | 0 | 12 |
| Tibial tubercle osteotomy | 0 | 13 | 0 | 13 |
| Lateral retinacular release | 4 | 11 | 1 | 16 |
| Postoperative rehabilitation | ||||
| Number of cohorts using continuous passive motion | 8 | 15 | 3 | 26 cohorts in 18 studies |
| Time to begin full weight bearing (weeks) | 5.7 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 6.4 weeks |
Note: ACI = autologous chondrocyte implantation; PACI = periosteal cover ACI; CACI = collagen membrane cover ACI; CAIS = cartilage autograft implantation system; ACL = anterior cruciate ligament.
a
Subject gender not reported in one study.
b
Prior surgeries reported in 11 studies (55%).