Table 4.
Scores (Mean ± Standard Deviation) of Various Histological Parameters and Overall Histological Score of Healing Osteochondral Defects Treated with RPMI Medium (Group A), Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (Group B), and Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Along with Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (Group C).
| Histological Parameters |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Days | MPH | MT | CD | SF | INB | TDM | SBA | AC | VRT | MJA | Overall |
| A | 30 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 1.15 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 6.33 ± 1.15 |
| B | 30 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 0.33 ± 0.58b | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 9.67 ± 1.53 |
| C | 30 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.00 ± 0.27 | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 11.67 ± 1.15 |
| A | 60 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 9.33 ± 0.58 |
| B | 60 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 12.00 ± 1.73 |
| C | 60 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 0.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.02 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 0.15e | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 15.33 ± 2.52 |
| A | 90 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 1.15 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 0.00 ± 0.00a | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 1.15 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 10.00 ± 1.73 |
| B | 90 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 0.67 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 0.67 ± 0.58c | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 1.33 ± 0.58 | 12.67 ± 2.08 |
| C | 90 | 2.67 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 1.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 1.67 ± 0.58f | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 2.00 ± 0.00 | 1.67 ± 0.58 | 18.33 ± 1.15 |
Values with different superscripts differ significantly between the groups; Uppercase alphabets (P ≤ 0.01); lowercase alphabets (P ≤ 0.05).
MPH = tissue morphology; MT = matrix staining (metachromasia); CD = cell distribution; SF = surface architecture; INB = integration with subjacent bone; TDM = tidemark; SBA = subchondral bone abnormalities; AC = abnormal calcification; VRT = vascularization in repair tissue; MJA = mid/deep zone assessment.