Table 1.

Chondral Lesions and Treatment Options in Patellofemoral Instability.

Instability Type	Lesion Location	Lesion Types	Cartilage Treatment Options
Acute	Medial/central > lateral patella	Osteochondral/chondral fractures	Internal fixation
	Lateral femoral condyle	Loose bodies	Debridement
	Lateral trochlea	Chondral cracks	Microfracture
		Chondral flaps	Mosaicplasty
			Autologous chondrocyte implantation ± treatment of instability/osteotomy
Episodic	↑Lateral patella	As above, plus	As above, plus
	Lateral trochlea	Chondral fissuring	Bulk allograft
		Chondral fibrillation	Arthroplasty
		Chondral erosion
		Osteophyte formation