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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Proteomics. 2014 Sep 22;15(0):310–317. doi: 10.1002/pmic.201400187

Figure 1. The molecular clock.

Figure 1

Shematic representation of the coupled feedback loop with core clock components of the positive loop (green), the negative loop (red) and their interactions with metabolic regulators. The NAD+/NADH ratio is circadian. It regulates the activity of CLOCK/BMAL1 directly or indirectly (via SIRT1 and PARP1 for example). SIRT1 also promotes PER2 degradation via deacetylation. When activated, AMPK promotes the phosphorylation of CRY directly or indirectly via CK1ε. It leads to the degradation of CRY. See text for details.