. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jan 16.

Published in final edited form as: J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015 Jan;78(1):184–191. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000468

Table 1. Summary of the Most Investigated Immune-Modulating Biomarkers After Severe TBI.

Mediator	Admission GCS Score	Increased ICP	Worse Outcome	Mortality
IL-1β	+¹⁹		+^39,57
IL-1ra			−⁵⁷
IL-6		+²⁹	+^27,30	+³⁶
			−^{31, 42,56}
IL-8		+^21,22	+^23,24	+^{25–28,26,41}
IL-10		+⁴³	+⁴³	+^44,45
				−⁴⁶
TNF-α		+^21,22	+⁴⁸, −²¹
Other signalers, GFAP	+³⁵		+^32–34	+^32–34
Inflammasome			+⁵⁰
Mitochondrial DNA			+⁵¹

A positive sign indicates that the study supports this observation, whereas a negative sign indicates that the study contradicts this observation.