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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gait Posture. 2014 Sep 6;41(1):86–92. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.08.013

Table 3.

Baseline characteristics and change at 6-months across 3 weight loss categories

Parameters, Baseline and Change at 6 months <5% 5–10% >10% P-value Post hoc
Mean SE Mean SE Mean SE
Age (years) 57.82 2.20 57.92 0.90 54.07 0.61 0.0500
N (female) 11 (9) 13 (12) 15 (9) 0.1164
Body weight (kg) 99.88 5.58 99.13 3.36 99.58 4.08 0.9928
 Δ Body weight (kg) −2.0 −2.2 −7.4 −1.5 −13.1 −2.8 <0.001
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) 36.14 1.28 36.42 1.15 35.18 1.20 0.7359
 Δ BMI (kg/m2) −0.72 −0.76 −2.7 −0.05 −4.6 −0.8 <0.001
Malleolar Valgus Index (%) 13.80 2.00 14.58 1.67 13.85 1.66 0.7785
 Δ MVI (%) 0.74 −1.01 −2.76 −0.97 −0.70 −0.86 0.0547
Arch height index, sitting 0.34 0.01 0.34 0.01 0.34 0.01 0.9589
 Δ AHI, sitting −0.00 −0.01 0.00 −0.01 0.00 0.00 0.9479
Arch height index, standing 0.31 0.01 0.31 0.01 0.31 0.01 0.9911
 Δ AHI, standing 0.00 −0.01 0.00 −0.01 0.00 0.00 0.7477
Arch height flexibility (mm/kN) 11.06 1.47 12.76 1.44 12.47 0.97 0.6342
 Δ AHF (mm/kN) −0.09 −1.26 0.47 −1.15 0.47 −1.07 0.9309
Walking speed (m/s) 0.94 0.18 0.92 0.18 1.02 0.12 0.1380*
 Δ speed, min 0.28 −0.02 0.22 −0.07 −0.21 −0.12 X, Z
 Δ speed, 25th 0.16 −0.04 0.11 −0.03 −0.04 −0.05 X, Z
Stride length (m) 1.022 0.058 1.198 0.653 1.166 0.032 0.0456*
 Δ, min 0.27 −0.07 0.24 −0.06 −0.25 −0.09 X, Z
 Δ, 25th 0.10 −0.03 0.08 −0.02 −0.06 −0.04 X, Z
 Δ, max −0.10 −0.07 −0.12 −0.06 0.16 −0.05 X, Z
Support base (m) 0.239 0.015 0.235 0.015 0.236 0.015 0.9845
 Δ Support base −0.014 −0.006 −0.018 −0.005 −0.026 −0.005 0.2947
Double support time (s) 0.161 0.022 0.178 0.038 0.159 0.018 0.5653
 Δ double support time −0.027 −0.014 −0.014 −0.013 0.004 −0.012 0.2133
Stance phase (%, gait cycle) 62.015 0.414 62.487 0.537 62.246 0.525 0.8312
 Δ stance phase −3.151 −2.883 −1.556 −2.659 2.520 −2.486 0.3063
Cadence (steps/min) 105.8 4.0 105.8 2.5 106.1 2.0 <0.0001
 Δ Cadence (steps/min) 3.61 −1.49 1.63 −1.37 0.42 −1.28 0.2812

Note: Comparison of left side only. Δ indicates changes from the baseline to 6-months. Mean and SE are shown for baseline and the change at 6 month. Negative numbers indicate decrease at 6 months, as compared to the baseline.

*

indicates significant interactions between weight loss categories at baseline. Therefore, differences between groups were evaluated at 5 baseline values: minimum, 25th, 50th, 75th percentiles, and maximum. Post hoc notation: X = a significant difference between <5% versus >10%, Y between <5% versus 5–10%, Z between 5–10% versus >10% weight loss categories. Malleolar Valgus Index (MVI) is a measure of hindfoot valgus alignment in resting stance. Arch Height Index (AHI) is the ratio of arch height at half the foot length and the truncated foot length. Arch height flexibility (mm/kN) is defined as (arch height in sitting –arch height in standing) / (body weight * 0.4)