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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ergonomics. 2014 Oct 17;58(1):33–49. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2014.959070

Table 5.

HFE applications in the process of healthcare system redesign.

Phases of redesign process Objectives HFE applications (tools, knowledge, professionals) Projects~
Analysis

  • Assessment of current system

  • Identification of deficiencies in current system

  • Identification of system constraints and design requirements

  • Learning from HFE literature and other systems or industries

  • Observation

  • Interview

  • Survey

  • Workflow analysis

  • Task analysis (hierarchical, cognitive)

  • Layout analysis

  • Heuristic evaluation

  • User testing

  • User needs analysis

  • Review of HFE literature

  • Learning from HFE experts

 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11
6, 7, 11
7, 9,
1, 4, 10
2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11
4
1, 3, 7, 11
12
6, 7, 9
3, 9
4, 9
Design

  • Development of design recommendations and solutions

  • Assessment and refinement of prototype

  • HFE design principles

  • Input from healthcare stakeholders and HFE experts

  • Heuristic evaluation

  • User testing

  • Observation

  • Focus group

 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11
1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12

2, 3, 7
6, 7, 8, 10, 12
5
1
Implementation

  • Implementation of intervention

  • HFE implementation principles:

    • Communication and feedback

    • Learning and training

    • Continuous improvement

    • Project management
5, 9, 10
9, 10
5, 6, 10
4, 5, 6, 8, 10
Evaluation

  • Assessment of impact of HFE-based healthcare system redesign

  • User testing

  • Observation

  • Interview

  • Survey

  • Review of clinical data

 1, 2, 3, 11, 12
4
4
6, 7, 9, 12
5, 8, 9, 10
~

The projects’ numbers refer to the list in Table 3.