Table 2.

Literature review of LCNEC of the prostate

Study	Clinicopathological features
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Prostate: A Clinicopathologic Summary of 7 Cases of a Rare Manifestation of Advanced Prostate Cancer (6)	7 cases were presented with 6 arose from prostatic adenocarcinoma following hormone therapy and one case as de novo. 6 of the 7 cases had foci of admixed conventional adenocarcinoma. The LCNEC component was comprised of sheets and ribbons of cells with areas of necrosis, abundant amphophilic cytoplasm, large nuclei with coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli, and high mitotic activity. They proposed that LCNEC arises through clonal outgrowth associated with the selective pressure of ADT
Metastatic Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Prostate Carcinoma: Successful Treatment with Androgen Deprivation Therapy (7)	Two cases of metastatic poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinoma with coexisting foci of LCNEC were included. The NE component was composed of sheets of large hyperchromatic cells with prominent nucleoli, abundant amphophilic cytoplasm, and high mitotic activity. The NE component was strongly positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin. Both patients were treated with ADT with marked and durable response at 1 and 2 years after diagnosis. They concluded that although prostate cancer with NE differentiation is usually associated with more aggressive disease and failure of hormonal therapy, LCNEC can respond to ADT
Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Prostate: A Case Report (8)	LCNEC that arose in a patient previously diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma and after 5 years of ADT. 5 years after diagnosis patient presented with rapidly progressive metastatic disease. Re-biopsy of the prostate at this time, showed LCNEC positive for TTF-1 and chromogranin. The Travis criteria for LCNEC of the lung were used for the morphologic diagnosis. They propose that LCNEC arises from clonal outgrowth associated with the selective pressure of ADT