Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of patients
| Variables | Number | Salmonella bactereamia | Salmonella isolates in BSI b | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typhoidal (66) | Non-typhoidal (115) | Odds ratio (95% CI a) | P-value | MDRs (n = 81) | Non-MDRs (n = 100) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Male gender | 98 | 34 | 64 | 0.85 (0.46-1.55) | 0.590 | 50 | 48 | 1.74 (0.96-1.17) | 0.065 |
| Age (±SD)c | 10.3 ± 2.5 | 9.0 ± 3.79 | 1.02 (0.82-1.76) | 0.051 | 9.1 ± 1.8 | 9.3 ± 2.1 | 0.93 (0.81-1.65) | 0.295 | |
| Aged | |||||||||
| 0-1 | 49 | 11 | 38 | 0.39 (0.18-0.84) | 0.014 | 23 | 26 | 1.19 (0.61-2.31) | 0.610 |
| 1-5 | 44 | 17 | 27 | 1.11 (0.55-2.25) | 0.741 | 19 | 25 | 0.96 (0.48-1.92) | 0.920 |
| 6-13 | 58 | 28 | 30 | 2.07 (1.08-3.96) | 0.026 | 31 | 27 | 1.80 (0.95-3.41) | 0.070 |
| >13 | 23 | 8 | 15 | 0.90 (0.36-2.26) | 0.823 | 7 | 16 | 0.51 (0.20-1.32) | 0.162 |
| Month of infectione | |||||||||
| Jan-Mar | 27 | 10 | 17 | 1.02 (0.44-2.40) | 1.0 | 21 | 6 | 5.48 (2.09-14.36) | 0.001 |
| April-June | 62 | 21 | 41 | 0.84 (0.44-1.60) | 0.603 | 31 | 31 | 1.38 (0.74-2.55) | 0.305 |
| July-sept | 47 | 17 | 30 | 0.98 (0.49-1.96) | 1.0 | 21 | 26 | 0.99 (0.51-1.94) | 1.0 |
| Oct-Dec | 45 | 18 | 27 | 1.22 (0.61-2.44) | 0.571 | 13 | 32 | 0.41 (0.19-0.84) | 0.013 |
| Year of infection | |||||||||
| 2010 | 37 | 23 | 14 | 3.85 (1.82-8.20) | 0.001 | 21 | 6 | 5.48 (209–14.36) | 0.001 |
| 2011 | 54 | 13 | 41 | 0.44 (0.22-0.91) | 0.02 | 31 | 23 | 2.07 (1.08-3.96) | 0.025 |
| 2012 | 62 | 26 | 36 | 1.42 (0.75-2.68) | 0.269 | 22 | 40 | 0.55 (0.29-1.05) | 0.070 |
| 2013 | 28 | 13 | 15 | 1.63 (0.72-3.69) | 0.233 | 7 | 21 | 0.35 (0.14-0.88) | 0.02 |
| Sickle cell diseasef | 27 | 6 | 21 | 0.45 (0.17-1.19) | 0.104 | 16 | 11 | 1.51 (0.64-3.56) | 0.342 |
| Physicians’ diagnosisf | |||||||||
| Sepsis | 62 | 27 | 35 | 1.92 (0.94-3.96) | 0.072 | 23 | 39 | 0.33 (0.17-0.68) | 0.002 |
| Enteric fever | 14 | 9 | 5 | 3.79 (1.18-12.09) | *0.022 | 11 | 3 | 3.99 (1.05-15.05) | 0.029 |
| PUO | 20 | 5 | 15 | 0.55 (0.18-1.63) | 0.281 | 7 | 13 | 0.46 (0.17-1.23) | 0.116 |
| BEMP | 13 | 3 | 10 | 0.51 (0.12-1.95) | *0.378 | 5 | 8 | 0.56 (0.17-1.83) | 0.33 |
| Undiagnosed | 71 | 21 | 50 | 0.56 (0.27-1.16) | 0.118 | 35 | 36 | 0.85 (0.42-1.69) | 0.646 |
| Patient locationg | |||||||||
| Child health | 85 | 29 | 56 | 1.23 (0.56-2.71) | 0.596 | 42 | 43 | 1.06 (0.52-2.22) | 0.862 |
| Medical | 14 | 7 | 7 | 2.28 (0.75-7.00) | *0.225 | 4 | 10 | 0.39 (0.11-1.28) | 0.108 |
| NICU | 2 | 0 | 2 | - | - | 0 | 2 | - | - |
| Surgical | 2 | 0 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| PML | 25 | 5 | 20 | 0.44 (0.15-1.26) | 0.122 | 13 | 12 | 1.17 (0.49-2.80) | 0.729 |
| KBTH patientsh | 102 | 36 | 66 | 0.76 (0.41-1.45) | 0.416 | 47 | 55 | 0.59 (0.24-1.38) | 0.223 |
| Crx resistant salmonellaei | 32 | 11 | 21 | 0.89 (0.40-1.99) | 0.79 | 27 | 5 | 8.35 (3.02-23.05) | 0.001 |
| Typhoidal salmonella | 66 | - | - | - | - | 22 | 44 | 0.47 (0.25-0.89) | 0.02 |
aCI, confidence interval; bBSI, blood stream infections; MDR, multidrg resistant strains; cSD, standard deviation; dRecorded for 64 TS and 110 NTS, and 75 MDR and 96 non-MDRs; eJan-Mar, January to March; Sep,september; Oct-Dec, October to December; fRecorded for 47 TS and 85 NTS, and 67 MDRs and 64 non-MDRs; PUO, pyrexia of unknown origin; BEMP, bone infections, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia; gRecorded for 42 TS and 87 NTS, and 63 MDRs and 66 non-MDRs; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PML, Princess-Marie Louis Children hospital; hKBTH, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, recorded for 42 TS and 87 NTS, and 63 MDRs and 66 non-MDRs; iCrx, cefuroxime, tested for 63 TS and 104 NTS, and 80 MDRs and 87 non-MDRs.
*P-vaue with Fisher’s exact test.