Table 2.
Multinomial logistic regression models of the association between the extent of chronic multisite pain and mood disorder
| RRR (95% CI)* | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Probable MDD | Probable BD | |
| 1. No adjustments (n = 149,612) | No chronic pain | 1 | 1 |
| 1 site | 1.35 (1.31, 1.39) | 1.41 (1.24, 1.60) | |
| 2-3 sites | 1.88 (1.81, 1.94) | 2.35 (2.07, 2.38) | |
| 4-7 sites | 3.12 (2.91, 3.34) | 4.43 (3.55, 5.52) | |
| Widespread pain | 2.80 (2.53, 3.11) | 5.38 (4.04, 7.16) | |
| 2. Adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation and employment status (n = 147,463) | No chronic pain | 1 | 1 |
| 1 site | 1.32 (1.28, 1.37) | 1.34 (1.18, 1.52) | |
| 2-3 sites | 1.74 (1.68, 1.80) | 2.03 (1.78, 2.31) | |
| 4-7 sites | 2.54 (2.36, 2.73) | 2.89 (2.29, 3.64) | |
| Widespread pain | 2.23 (1.997, 2.49) | 2.81 (2.07, 3.81) | |
| 3. Adjustments as for 2. plus BMI, smoking status and frequency of alcohol consumption (n = 145,945) | No chronic pain | 1 | 1 |
| 1 site | 1.30 (1.26, 1.34) | 1.29 (1.13, 1.47) | |
| 2-3 sites | 1.66 (1.61, 1.72) | 1.92 (1.68, 2.19) | |
| 4-7 sites | 2.38 (2.21, 2.57) | 2.62 (2.07, 3.33) | |
| Widespread pain | 2.07 (1.85, 2.31) | 2.61 (1.91, 3.55) | |
| 4. Adjustments as for 3. plus additional long term condition morbidity count (n = 145,518) | No chronic pain | 1 | 1 |
| 1 site | 1.27 (1.23, 1.31) | 1.27 (1.12, 1.45) | |
| 2-3 sites | 1.59 (1.54, 1.65) | 1.84 (1.61, 2.10) | |
| 4-7 sites | 2.14 (1.99, 2.31) | 2.39 (1.88, 3.04) | |
| Widespread pain | 1.86 (1.66, 2.08) | 2.37 (1.74, 3.24) | |
*Relative to non-mood disordered comparison group. Associations for individual variable level and the overall models were significant at p < 0.001.
RRR – relative risk ratio; 95% CI – 95% confidence interval; BMI – body mass index; MDD – major depressive disorder; BD – bipolar disorder.