Table 3.

Logistic regression models of the association between the extent of chronic pain and probable bipolar disorder, relative to probable major depressive disorder

Model		OR (95% CI*)	P value^	P value^^
1. No adjustments (n = 149,612)	No chronic pain	1		<0.001
	1 site	1.04 (0.92, 1.18)	0.520
	2-3 sites	1.25 (1.10, 1.43)	0.001
	4-7 sites	1.42 (1.13, 1.77)	0.002
	Widespread pain	1.92 (1.44, 2.57)	<0.001
2. Adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation and employment status (n = 147,463)	No chronic pain	1		<0.001
	1 site	1.02 (0.90, 1.17)	0.724
	2-3 sites	1.18 (1.03, 1.34)	0.018
	4-7 sites	1.16 (0.92, 1.47)	0.210
	Widespread pain	1.34 (0.99, 1.83)	0.061
3. Adjustments as for 2. plus BMI, smoking status and frequency of alcohol consumption (n = 145,945)	No chronic pain	1		<0.001
	1 site	1.01 (0.88, 1.15)	0.898
	2-3 sites	1.15 (1.01, 1.32)	0.039
	4-7 sites	1.11 (0.88, 1.41)	0.372
	Widespread pain	1.32 (0.97, 1.81)	0.079
4. Adjustments as for 3. plus additional long term condition morbidity count (n = 145,518)	No chronic pain	1		<0.001
	1 site	1.01 (0.88, 1.15)	0.881
	2-3 sites	1.16 (1.01, 1.33)	0.035
	4-7 sites	1.12 (0.88, 1.43)	0.339
	Widespread pain	1.34 (0.97, 1.83)	0.072

*Relative to the probable MDD group.

^P-value for each level of chronic pain.

^^P-value for overall model.

OR – odds ratio; 95% CI – 95% confidence interval; BMI – body mass index.