Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and C-peptide stimulated secretion of the 3 study groups
| Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | LADA | p a | p b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women, n (%) | 17 (51.5%) | 9 (30%) | 11 (34.4%) | 0.166 | 0.715 |
| Age, years | 46.9 (10.6) | 53.7 (12.9) | 49.6 (10.6) | 0.170 | 0.260 |
| Disease duration, monthsc | 31 [12–56] | 31 (10 – 83) | 38.5 [13.5 – 59] | 0.618 | 0.897 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 (4.2) | 30.1 (5.5) | 27.9 (4.8) | 0.004 | 0.110 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/l | 9.0 (3.49) | 7.44 (1.92) | 8.84 (3.45) | 0.929 | 0.147 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.5 (1.4) | 6.9 (1.0) | 8.3 (2.4) | 0.265 | 0.012 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 58.4 (15.5) | 52.2 (11.4) | 67.6 (26.7) | ||
| Insulin treatment, n (%) | 33 (100%) | 8 (26.7%) | 20 (62.5%) | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| Sulphonylurea treatment, n (%) | - | 8 (20%) | 5 (15.6%) | - | 0.652 |
| Categories, n | 0.867 | 0.765 | |||
| 6 – 18 m | 10 | 10 | 10 | ||
| 19 m – 5 years | 12 | 10 | 10 | ||
| 5 – 10 years | 11 | 10 | 12 | ||
| AUC C-peptide, nmol/ld | 41.3 (46.4) | 275.5 (121.2) | 140.8 (102.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 19.2 (16.8 – 54.9) | 245.1 (182.6 – 370.8) | 112.1 (54.6 – 231.2) | |||
| Peak C-peptide, nmol/lc,d | 0.45 (0.50) | 3.01 (1.29) | 1.50 (1.05) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 0.16 (0.16 – 0.60) | 2.54 (2.18 – 3.67) | 1.44 (0.68 – 2.32) |
ap value for comparisons between type 1 diabetes and LADA; bp value for comparison between type 2 diabetes and LADA; cdistributed variables; dpeak and AUC C-peptide results are given as mean (SD) and also as median (IQR).