Table 4.

Clinical predictors of bacteraemia in non-febrile children in Guinea-Bissau

Clinical parameter		Factor present (n)
	Missing obs. 1	Bacteraemia	No bacteraemia	P-value	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV 2	NPV 3
		N = 21	N = 145		%	%	%	%
Tachycardia4
≥120 ≥ 160	-	21	145	N/A	100	0	13	N/A
≥130 ≥ 170	-	17	132	0.15	81	9	11	76
≥140 ≥ 180	-	10	76	0.68	48	48	12	86
Saturation5	1	1	3	0.42	5	98	25	88
Respiratory distress6	2	7	91	0.01	33	36	7	79
Anaemia7	-	2	18	1.00	10	87	10	88
Convulsions	5	1	0	0.13	5	100	100	88
Lung crepitation	-	6	55	0.41	29	62	10	86
Diarrhoea	-	10	55	0.40	48	62	15	89
Reduced consciousness8	10	1	3	0.43	5	98	25	88
Vomiting	-	7	46	0.88	33	68	13	88
MUAC9
<135 mm	-	5	36	1.00	28	72	12	88
<125 mm	-	2	15	1.00	11	88	12	88
<115 mm	-	0	5	1.00	0	96	0	87
Leukocyte count10
>11*109/L	44	8	39	0.41	50	63	17	89
>20*109/L	44	1	5	0.58	6	95	17	87
Malaria positive	23	1	1	0.24	6	99	50	88

¹Missing observations may pertain either to the bacteraemic or the non-bacteraemic group.

²Positive predictive value.

³Negative predictive value.

⁴Heart rate cut off for tachycardia in children aged <1 year and 1–5 years, respectively.

⁵Oxygen saturation of haemoglobin <90%.

⁶Respiratory rate ≥40 per minute in children aged 1–5 years and ≥60 in children aged <1.

⁷Conjunctival pallor reported by the attending paediatrician.

⁸AVPU scale alertness level less than “awake”.

⁹Mid-upper arm circumference, measured on 149 children ≥6 months of age.

¹⁰Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter.