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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimmunomodulation. 2014 Oct 3;22(3):203–212. doi: 10.1159/000364912

Figure 3. IL-6 and TNFα levels are reduced in the sera and colons of TNBS-treated mice VIP KO mice.

Figure 3

WT and VIP KO EtOH (control) and TNBS-treated mice (n=8 for each) were sacrificed four days after treatment, and blood and colons were collected. Sera and colon protein extracts were prepared as described in the Material and Methods section. Protein levels of TNFα (A, B) and IL-6 (D, E) were measured by ELISA. TNFα (C) and IL-6 mRNA (F) levels in the colons were determined by Real time RT-PCR. We found elevated cytokine levels in WT mice with TNBS treatment, but not in VIP KO mice. One of three representative experiments is shown. Student's t-test *p<0.05, **p<0.01.