Table 3.
Likelihood of Substance Use by ADHD and CD Diagnosis
| Tobacco Use | Alcohol Use | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | 95%CI | AHR | 95%CI | AOR | 95%CI | AHR | 95%CI | ||
| ADHD based on DISC | |||||||||
| ADHD diagnosis | Single main effect model a | 2.25 | (1.34, 3.75) | 1.54 | (0.84, 2.4) | 1.45 | (0.76, 2.76) | 1.40 | (0.85, 2.29) |
| Full model b | 1.95 | (1.15, 3.33) | 1.37 | (0.77, 2.43) | 1.38 | (0.72, 2.64) | 1.33 | (0.82, 2.14) | |
| CD diagnosis | Single main effect model a | 3.48 | (1.26, 9.61) | 2.53 | (0.95, 6.74) | 1.64 | (0.69, 3.85) | 1.73 | (0.97, 3.07) |
| Full model b | 2.64 | (0.88, 7.89) | 2.29 | (0.91, 5.76) | 1.46 | (0.62, 3.44) | 1.59 | (0.92, 2.75) | |
| ADHD based on DISC or parent report of past doctor diagnosis | |||||||||
| ADHD diagnosis | Single Main effect model a | 2.12 | (1.41, 3.19) | 2.00 | (1.19, 3.38) | 1.28 | (0.79, 2.06) | 1.34 | (0.93, 1.92) |
| Full model b | 1.95 | (1.31, 2.90) | 1.96 | (1.14, 3.36) | 1.17 | (0.72, 1.92) | 1.25 | (0.87, 1.79) | |
| CD diagnosis | Single Main effect model a | 3.48 | (1.26, 9.61) | 2.53 | (0.95, 6.74) | 1.64 | (0.69, 3.85) | 1.73 | (0.97, 3.07) |
| Full model b | 2.61 | (0.98, 6.95) | 2.07 | (0.82, 5.24) | 1.54 | (0.65, 3.64) | 1.63 | (0.95, 2.81) | |
ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, CD = conduct disorder, AOR = adjusted odds ratios, AHR = adjusted hazard ratios
All models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty status, household smoke (tobacco outcome)
a
The “single main effect” models separately examine the effect of ADHD and CD diagnoses (i.e., the main effect model for ADHD does not include CD, and the main effect model for CD does not include ADHD).
b
The “full model” included all independent variables (ADHD and CD diagnosis) to examine the effect of each in the presence of the other.