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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Jul 18;77(7):607–615. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.012

Figure 1.

Figure 1

High fat diet associated microbiota increases anxiety and stereotypical behaviors, but decreases memory in mice. (A) Body weight during depletion (ABX), recolonization (Microbiome transplant), and behavioral protocols shows no difference between mice transplanted with microbiota from high fat diet fed donors (HFD) or control diet fed donors (CD). (B) Time spent exploring the open arms of the Elevated Plus Maze was significantly reduced in HFD as compared to CD mice. (C) Time spent in the inner zone of the Open Field (left panel), but not mean speed (center panel) or total distance traveled (right panel) was significantly decreased in HFD mice as compared to CD mice. (D) Marble burying behavior was significantly increased in HFD vs. CD mice, as shown by representative images of marble placement before (Init) or after the 30 minute trail with mice transplanted with CD- or HFD– associated microbiota, and quantitative analysis (right panel). (E) Following fear conditioning, freezing behavior to context on training day 2 was not different between groups (left panel), but conditioned freezing to the tone on day 3 was significantly reduced in HFD as compared to CD mice (right panel). All data are presented as mean ± SEM of 10 mice per group, and *p < 0.05 based on t-tests or ANOVA.