Table 2.
Risk factors for lipodystrophy identified in studies from low- and middle-income countries
| Variables | Lipodystrophya | Lipoatrophy | Lipohypertrophy |
|---|---|---|---|
| ARV | Stavudine use [12,50] | Stavudine use [11,42,62] | |
| Indinavir use [62] | |||
| Duration of ART [29,34,48] | Duration of ART [11] | ||
| Demographic | Female sex [27,29,32,48,49,51] | Female sex [11,32,42,43,49,106] | |
| Age >40 years [32] | Younger age [33] | ||
| Nutritional | Baseline BMI >25 kg/m2 [11] | ||
| Onset and rate of weight loss [11] | |||
| Immune | Undetectable HIV RNA [50] |
a
These studies identified risk factors for lipodystrophy and did not differentiate between types of lipodystrophy syndromes (i.e. lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy and/or mixed syndrome). No risk factors were identified for mixed syndrome alone.