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. 2014 Oct 29;3:109–123. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.10.004

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Overlapping PTMs between AFLD and NAFLD. Overlapping PTMs commonly observed in both AFLD and NAFLD are illustrated. However, acetaldehyde–protein adduct (AA–adduct) [171], [181], NEL-adduct [193], AA-AGE-adduct [193], and hydroxyethyl-adduct [203], [204] seem uniquely observed in AFLD. These PTMs observed in AFLD and NAFLD are likely to suppress the functions of the target proteins, contributing to altered cell signaling, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, fat accumulation and inflammatory tissue injury.