Table 3.
Associations a between pregnancy levels of PFOS/PFOA (ng/ml) and offspring DCDQ-score b
| Exposure | Combined d (N = 1,106) | Greenland (n = 526) | Ukraine (n = 491) | Poland (n = 89) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | ||
| PFOS | Low | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Medium | −0.4 (−1.9, 1.2) | −1.2 (−3.0, 0.7) | 1.4 (−0.2, 3.1) | −0.3 (−6.0, 5.3) | |
| High | −1.7 (−3.8, 0.5) | −0.7 (−2.6, 1.2) | 0.6 (−1.1, 2.2) | −2.1 (−7.8, 3.5) | |
| Continuousc | −0.1 (−1.2, 1.1) | −0.2 (−1.9, 1.4) | 0.5 (−1.0, 2.0) | −2.4 (−9.1, 4.3) | |
| PFOA | Low | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Medium | −0.6 (−1.9, 0.7) | −1.2 (−3.0, 0.7) | −0.2 (−1.8, 1.4) | 1.5 (−4.1, 7.1) | |
| High | −0.4 (−1.9, 1.1) | −0.1 (−2.0, 1.7) | −1.2 (−2.8, 0.5) | −3.7 (−9.3, 1.9) | |
| Continuousc | −0.2 (−1.2, 0.9) | 0.8 (−0.8, 2.5) | −0.6 (−1.9, 0.8) | −2.7 (−8.3, 2.8) | |
CI, confidence interval; DCDQ, developmental coordination disorder questionnaire; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate; Ref, referece group.
aAdjusted for: maternal cotinine level during pregnancy, maternal alcohol consumption at conception, maternal age at pregnancy, gestational age at blood-sampling and child sex. bDCDQ score range from 15 to 75 (low scores indicate motor problems). cβ = the change in score according to one natural-log unit increase in PFOA and PFOS. dadditionally adjusted for country.