B7x is up-regulated by inflammatory stimuli. (a) Tubular cells, podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells were stimulated with media alone, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α + interferon (IFN)-γ (in triplicate) for 6, 12 and 24 h, and analysed for B7x mRNA levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fold change in B7x mRNA with each treatment was compared with media alone at each time-point. Data are representative of two independent experiments, and is expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). *P ≤ 0·05, by unpaired t-test. (b) Tubular cells were stimulated with media alone, LPS or TNF-α + IFN-γ for 24 h, and B7x expression analysed by flow cytometry. A total of 10 000 events were recorded per sample. Data in the left panel display the mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments. *P ≤ 0·05, by unpaired t-test. A representative histogram is shown in the right panel.