Table 2.

Forces and moments for the Native ACL (n = 11) and ACL-reconstructed (n = 6 each) knees at heelstrike (HS), midstance (MS), and toeoff (TO).

Native ACL, ACL-D, and Grafted Knees - Forces (N (SEM)) and Moments (Nm (SEM))
		ACL-D	Native ACL	Hybrid	RTM	BPTB

Anterior Force	HS	−5.9 (1.9) *	44.3 (7.7) ^†	56.0 (7.4) ^†	64.2 (7.3) ^†	62.5 (4.2) ^†
	MS	−5.0 (0.4) *	34.3 (6.0) ^†	32.0 (6.9) ^†	33.1 (5.1) ^†	36.7 (4.0) ^†
	TO	−7.7 (1.0) *	34.3 (5.1) ^†	46.5 (7.6) ^†	47.9 (6.7) *^†	53.3 (2.5) *^†

Medial Force	HS	−0.3 (0.8) *	19.5 (1.9) ^†	33.8 (5.7 ) *^†	44.7 (4.1 ) *^†	40.5 (4.3) *^†
	MS	−2.1 (0.5) *	10.4 (1.7) ^†	15.4 (4.2) ^†	20.7 (2.8) *^†	22.6 (5.7) ^†
	TO	−1.8 (0.7) *	13.9 (1.4) ^†	26.2 (5.4) *^†	33.6 (4.2) *^†	33.8 (3.3) *^†

Compression Force	HS	33.6 (5.1) *	70.8 (8.2)	115.2 (15.7) *^†	103.0 (6.7) *^†	142.7 (6.9) *^†
	MS	−0.6 (1.5)	7.4 (5.1) ^†	37.3 (16.0) *^†	31.0 (8.0) *^†	29.0 (13.4) ^†
	TO	33.3 (3.3) *	75.4 (7.6) ^†	110.8 (15.8) *^†	100.8 (11.3) *^†	129.2 (8.5) *^†

Abduction Moment	HS	0.2 (0.4) *	3.5 (0.5) ^†	5.7 (0.7) ^†	7.5 (0.5 ) *^†	7.6 (0.8) *^†
	MS	−0.5 (0.1) *	1.3 (0.5) ^†	2.1 (0.7) ^†	3.3 (0.5) ^†	3.0 (1.5) ^†
	TO	−0.8 (0.4) *	1.9 (0.4) ^†	3.8 (0.7) ^†	5.2 (0.6) *^†	5.8 (0.7) *^†

Flexion Moment	HS	0.6 (0.3) *	9.3 (1.3) ^†	10.7 (1.3) ^†	11.6 (1.6) ^†	11.1 (0.5) ^†
	MS	−0.1 (0.1) *	6.8 (0.8) ^†	6.2 (1.2) ^†	5.9 (1.3) ^†	6.7 (0.7) ^†
	TO	0.0 (0.2) *	7.4 (0.9) ^†	8.8 (1.3) ^†	10.1 (1.6) ^†	9.5 (0.4) ^†

Internal Moment	HS	−0.2 (0.1)	−0.2 (0.1)	0.2 (0.5)	−0.2 (0.1)	−0.3 (0.3)
	MS	0.1 (0.0)	0.2 (0.1)	0.6 (0.5)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.2)
	TO	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.1)	0.4 (0.5)	−0.1 (0.1)	−0.1 (0.2)

Significant differences from the ACL-intact condition are highlighted in bold (p < 0.05), with * indicating a significant difference from the intact ACL and † indicating a significant increase from ACLD. This table was adapted with permission from Boguszewski 2012.[76]