Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics by 5-year Incidence of Hearing Impairment
| Baseline Characteristic | Incident Case | Age-sex-adjusted Relative Riska (95%CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| No (N=1820) | Yes (N=164) | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Men | 747 (41.0) | 98 (59.8) | 2.08 (1.55, 2.79) |
| Education | |||
| High school or less | 551 (30.4) | 58 (34.6) | 1.31 (0.90, 1.92) |
| Some college | 619 (34.2) | 63 (38.9) | 1.45 (1.01, 2.10) |
| College graduate | 641 (35.4) | 43 (26.5) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Smoking | |||
| Current | 1015 (55.8) | 86 (52.4) | 1.14 (0.76, 1.71) |
| Past | 502 (27.6) | 50 (30.5) | 0.92 (0.66, 1.28) |
| Never | 303 (16.7) | 28 (17.1) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Exercise (at least 1×/week) | 1140 (62.7) | 90 (55.2) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.06) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 43 (2.4) | 10 (6.1) | 1.42 (0.79, 2.57) |
| Hypertension | 586 (32.2) | 82 (50.0) | 1.26 (0.93, 1.70) |
| Diabetes | 83 (4.6) | 15 (9.2) | 1.34 (0.84, 2.15) |
| Statin Use | 244 (13.4) | 35 (21.3) | 0.99 (0.70, 1.42) |
| Current noisy job | 260 (14.3) | 27 (16.5) | 1.32 (0.90, 1.94) |
| Non managerial/professional job | 1168 (66.4) | 120 (74.1) | 1.42 (1.02, 1.99) |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age, per 5 yr | 47.5 (9.1) | 53.2 (9.2) | 1.36 (1.26, 1.46) |
| Alcohol, per 25 g/wk | 54.6 (99.7) | 64.7 (109.4) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) |
| Systolic blood pressure per 10 mm | 124.5 (17.4) | 129.5 (18.2) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) |
| Diastolic blood pressure per 10 mm | 73.3 (9.7) | 75.0 (9.8) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) |
| A1C per 1 % | 5.36 (0.64) | 5.55 (0.66) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.30) |
| BMI per 1 kg/m2 | 30.0 (6.5) | 31.7 (7.5) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) |
| Waist, per 10 cm | 98.8 (16.3) | 104.9 (18.7) | 1.10 (1.00, 1.22) |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, per 20mg/dL | 153.4 (38.1) | 151.0 (37.7) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.02) |
| IMT, per 0.1 mm | 0.64 (0.12) | 0.72 (0.18) | 1.15 (1.05, 1.25) |
| Plaque count, per site | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.7 (1.2) | 1.17 (1.03, 1.33) |
| PWV Femoral, per m/s | 8.0 (5.4) | 8.5 (4.6) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) |
a
Bold face indicates statistically significant results (p < 0.05).