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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2014 Dec 20;238(2):344–349. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.031

Table 4.

Risk Factors Associated with Pure Tone Averagea at 5-year Follow-up Examination

Model 1 (IMT) Model 2 (Plaque)
Risk Factors Beta se P Beta se P
Age (per 5 yr) 1.41 0.11 < .001 1.41 0.10 < .001
Men (vs. Women) 3.39 0.35 < .001 3.35 0.35 < .001
< College graduate 1.10 0.35 .002 1.31 0.36 .001
Smoking
  Current 1.36 0.47 .004 1.22 0.48 .01
  Past 0.65 0.39 .09 0.49 0.39 .22
  Never (ref) ---- ---- (ref) ---- ----
Exercise (at least 1×/week) −1.04 0.34 .003 −0.96 0.35 .006
Waist (per 10 cm) 0.51 0.11 < .001 0.43 0.11 < .001
Diabetes −1.65 0.80 .04 ---- ---- ----
Non-HDL (per 20 mg/dL) −0.22 0.09 .02 ---- ---- ----
IMT (per 0.1 mm) 0.32 0.16 .04 ---- ---- ----
Plaque (per site) ---- ---- ---- 0.49 0.22 .03
a

Average of hearing thresholds at .5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in the worse ear.