Table 2.

Multivariate models of prevalent disability among participants in the 2006 wave of the Health and Retirement Study

	Model 1*	Model 2†	Model 3‡	Model 4§
COPD status
COPD	2.6 (2.2, 3.2)	3.55 (2.7, 4.6)	3.29 (2.5, 4.3)	1.97 (1.5, 2.6)
Cognitive status
Mild cognitive impairment		3.7 (3.0, 4.5)	2.8 (2.2, 3.5)	2.11 (1.7, 2.6)
Dementia		15.9 (13.0, 19.6)	10.3 (8.0, 13.2)	7.1 (5.4, 9.3)
Sociodemographics
Age, by year increment			1.02 (1.01, 1.03)	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)
Female sex			1.5 (1.3, 1.8)	1.4 (1.2, 1.7)
African American race			1.4 (1.2, 1.8)	1.3 (1.0, 1.7)
Unmarried			1.3 (1.1, 1.5)	1.4 (1.2, 1.7)
Education
High school			0.8 (0.7, 0.9)	0.9 (0.8, 1.2)
Beyond high school			0.7 (0.6, 0.9)	0.9 (0.7, 1.1)
Chronic diseases
Hypertension				1.20 (1.0, 1.4)
Diabetes				1.8 (1.4, 2.1)
Heart disease				1.3 (1.1, 1.6)
Stroke				2.9 (2.3, 3.8)
Cancer				0.9 (0.7, 1.4)
Musculoskeletal disease				1.8 (1.5, 2.1)
Psychiatric disease				1.7 (1.4, 2.2)
Geriatric conditions
Vision impairment				2.1 (1.8, 2.5)
Hearing impairment				1.2 (0.9, 1.4)
Urinary incontinence				2.2 (1.8, 2.8)
Falls				2.1 (1.8, 2.6)

Definition of abbreviation: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Note: n = 17,535. All measures of association represent odds ratio with 95% confidence interval in parentheses.

^*Unadjusted.

^†Adjusted for baseline cognition.

^‡Adjusted for baseline cognition and five sociodemographic descriptors.

^§Adjusted for baseline cognition, five sociodemographic descriptors, seven chronic diseases, and four geriatric syndromes.