Table 3.
Comparison of the developed toxicity biosensor performance with other reported toxicity biosensor for the determination of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Fe(III) toxicities.
| Heavy Metal | Biological Component | Immobilization Matrix | Dynamic Range (μg/L) | LOD (μg/L) | Time (min) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(II) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (10.0 − 200.0) | 6.4 | 6 | This work |
| S. cereviceae | Agar gel Agarose | (3.4 − 26.9) × 104 | 1.3 × 104 | 8 | [36] | |
| E. coli (Alux) | Carbon paste | (0.1 − 1.3) × 103 | 0.1 × 103 | 90 | [19] | |
| Circinella sp. | electrode | (6.7 − 134.0) | 0.1 | 30 | [39] | |
|
| ||||||
| Cd(II) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (0.2 − 5.0) × 103 | 156 | 6 | This work |
| S. cereviceae | Agar gel | (4.6 − 45.8) × 103 | 1.8 x 103 | 8 | [36] | |
| E. coli (Alux) | Free culture | (0.1 − 1.0) × 102 | 12 | 120 | [37] | |
|
| ||||||
| Pb(II) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (0.5 − 70.0) × 102 | 47 | 6 | This work |
| S. cereviceae | Agarose | (6.9 − 417.0) × 103 | 2.8 × 103 | 8 | [36] | |
| E. coli (Alux) | Free culture | (1.0 − 8.0) × 102 | 12 | 30 | [37] | |
| E. coli GFP | Free culture | (0.2 − 82.8) × 103 | 0.2 × 103 | 720 | [14] | |
|
| ||||||
| Zn(II) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (0.5 − 7.0) × 102 | 32 | 8 | This work |
| E. coli (Alux) | Free culture | (0.03 − 8.0) × 105 | 2.6 × 103 | 120 | [37] | |
| E. coli (Alux) | Free culture | (0.4 − 2.5) × 103 | 0.4 × 103 | 120 | [38] | |
|
| ||||||
| Cr(VI) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (0.1 − 2.0) × 104 | 1.0 × 103 | 6 | This work |
| S. cerevisiae | Agarose | (26 − 104) × 103 | 10.4 × 103 | 5 | [36] | |
| E. coli (luxAB) | Free culture | - | 2.0 | 15 | [40] | |
| A ferrooxidans | Cellulose membrane | (0.02 − 118) × 103 | 18.0 | 1 | [41] | |
|
| ||||||
| Co(II) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (2.0 − 50.0) × 103 | 1.7 × 103 | 6 | This work |
| R. eutropha | Free culture | (0.5 − 23.6) × 103 | 0.5 × 103 | 30 | [42] | |
|
| ||||||
| Ni(II) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (5.0 − 70.0) × 103 | 2.8 × 103 | 6 | This work |
| R. eutropha | Free culture | (0.2 − 17.5) × 102 | 29.0 | 30 | [42] | |
| B. Sphaericus | Whatman membrane | 2.0 − 40.0 | 0.02 | 1.5 | [43] | |
|
| ||||||
| Ag(I) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (0.2 − 7.0) × 104 | 1.8 × 103 | 6 | This work |
| E. coli (lux) | Free culture | - | 17 | 120 | [44] | |
|
| ||||||
| Fe(III) | A. fischeri | Alginate microsphere | (5.0 − 70.0) × 103 | 3.1 × 103 | 6 | This work |
| P fluorescence | Control pore glass | 3.0 − 200.0 | 3.0 | 5 | [45] | |
| A ferrooxidans | Cellulose membrane | (0.22 − 6050) × 102 | 22.0 | 1 | [41] | |