Table 7.
Accordance of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions spiked in Jeram landfill leachate by both developed A. fischeri-based biosensor and AAS method.
| Heavy Metal | Added (μg/L) | Biosensor (n = 3) | AAS (n = 3) | Calculated t-test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Found (μg/L) | Accordance (%) | Found (μg/L) | Accordance (%) | |||
| Cu(II) | 0 | 11.59 ± 1.16 | - | 11.96 ± 0.96 | - | 0.307 |
| 20 | 29.32 ± 2.73 | 88.65 | 30.43 ± 2.47 | 92.35 | 0.776 | |
| 30 | 36.76 ± 7.64 | 83.90 | 37.98 ± 2.61 | 86.73 | 0.280 | |
| 50 | 63.16 ± 6.19 | 103.08 | 61.83 ± 4.88 | 99.74 | 0.468 | |
| 70 | 85.50 ± 9.95 | 105.59 | 84.45 ± 6.11 | 103.56 | 0.328 | |
| 90 | 99.45 ± 13.03 | 97.62 | 97.03 ± 7.96 | 94.52 | 0.937 | |
| 100 | 108.39 ± 15.24 | 96.80 | 106.85 ± 8.04 | 94.89 | 0.452 | |
|
| ||||||
| Cd(II) | 0 | 214.21 ± 3.30 | - | 215.103 ± 3.55 | - | 0.241 |
| 200 | 411.35 ± 24.25 | 98.86 | 409.50 ± 14.45 | 97.20 | 0.388 | |
| 300 | 488.97 ± 33.28 | 91.57 | 484.47 ± 23.46 | 89.57 | 0.921 | |
| 500 | 641.49 ± 51.47 | 85.45 | 650.94 ± 42.52 | 87.17 | 0.238 | |
| 700 | 888.01 ± 68.54 | 96.26 | 879.60 ± 47.84 | 94.93 | 0.741 | |
| 900 | 1077.01 ± 95.22 | 95.86 | 1080.03 ± 47.89 | 96.10 | 0.023 | |
| 1000 | 1266.27± 129.12 | 105.21 | 1259.91 ± 83.81 | 104.58 | 0.069 | |
|
| ||||||
| Pb(II) | 0 | 54.72 ± 1.44 | - | 55.19 ± 1.36 | - | 0.535 |
| 60 | 104.89 ± 11.21 | 83.60 | 106.36 ± 4.41 | 85.28 | 0.217 | |
| 70 | 116.82 ± 13.37 | 88.71 | 118.22 ± 5.87 | 90.04 | 0.175 | |
| 80 | 138.22 ± 17.15 | 104.36 | 137.03 ± 6.51 | 102.30 | 0.137 | |
| 100 | 166.12 ± 21.95 | 111.39 | 163.48 ± 9.58 | 108.28 | 0.349 | |
| 200 | 251.55 ± 23.39 | 98.41 | 247.69 ± 16.52 | 96.25 | 0.262 | |
| 500 | 474.67 ± 67.12 | 94.93 | 532.43 ± 35.91 | 95.45 | 0.066 | |
|
| ||||||
| Zn(II) | 0 | 64.28 ± 1.43 | - | 63.71 ± 0.87 | - | 0.479 |
| 50 | 110.42 ± 6.71 | 92.28 | 110.72 ± 4.27 | 94.02 | 0.283 | |
| 70 | 131.78 ± 10.26 | 96.41 | 132.44 ± 5.51 | 98.18 | 0.262 | |
| 80 | 132.73 ± 13.65 | 85.56 | 133.45 ± 6.17 | 87.17 | 0.183 | |
| 90 | 142.02 ± 15.37 | 86.37 | 143.32 ± 7.15 | 88.45 | 0.192 | |
| 100 | 155.43 ± 18.25 | 91.15 | 157.62 ± 8.83 | 93.90 | 0.499 | |
| 200 | 274.13 ± 26.29 | 104.92 | 267.60 ±17.03 | 101.95 | 1.077 | |
Notes: The critical value, t4 = 2.78 (P = 0.05, 95%). The linear equation of [Cu(II)]biosensor versus [Cu(II)AAS, [Cd(II)]biosensor versus Cd(II)AAS, [Pb(II)]biosensor versus [Pb(II)]AAS and [Zn(II)]biosensor versus [Zn(II)]AAS were [Cu] biosensor = 0.9589[Cu]AAS − 1.3885, [Cd]biosensor = 0.9965[Cd]AAS − 0.1318, [Pb]biosensor = 1.0057[Pb]AAS − 1.937 and [Zn]biosensor = 0.9546[Zn]AAS − 4.4235, respectively. The R2 values for Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) were 0.9996, 0.9996, 0.9998 and 0.9991, respectively.