Table 1.

Comparison between different approaches towards artificial tactile sensing, adapted from [13].

ARTIFICIAL TACTILE SENSING
Approaches	Types	Advantages	Disadvantages
FULLY-SYNTHETIC tactile sensing	Capacitive sensors Piezo electric sensors Piezoresistive sensors Inductive sensors Optoelectric sensors Strain gauge sensors	Physical robustness Greater sensitivity Simple integration	Non self-healing properties Biocompatibility assessment
BIO-HYBRID tactile sensing	Silicon-based bio-hybrid sensor with microfluidics and conductivity sensors Silicon-based MEMS sensors with skin analogue Polymeric substrate with bio-hybrid skin-like electrode	Bio-mimicry Bio-inspiration Self-healing Greater softness and compliance	Conservation of living cells Biocompatibility assessment
FULLY-BIOLOGICAL tactile sensing	Skin analogue including mechanoreceptor cells directly interfaced to the residual nervous system of the amputee	Bio-mimicry Bio-inspiration Self-healing Wettability Regeneration of tissues Greater softness and compliance Biocompatibility Biodegradability	Conservation of living cells Rejection Complex integration Variability