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. 2015 Jan 5;2015:168384. doi: 10.1155/2015/168384

Table 2.

Results and complications of each approach method.

Traditional open T LIF Miniopen TLIF Minimally invasive TLIF
Mean VAS (pain score) on second day after surgery 7.5 2.8 2.5
Hospital stay (day) 10.2 6.3 5.8
Postoperative infection: number (percentage) 2 (1.6%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
CSF leakage: number (percentage) 3 (5%) 5 (0.6%) 0 (0%)