Table 1.

Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics

Case	Age/Sex	Symptoms	Fibrosing Mediastinitis Involvement	Evidence of Histoplasmosis and Baseline Computed Tomography Findings	Progressive and/or Refractory Disease	Previous Treatment
1	52/Male	Back pain	Right paravertebral mass, right hilum	Positive serology, noncalcified paravertebral mass	Recurrent symptoms during prednisone taper, persistent paravertebral mass	Chronic prednisone
2	47/Male	Dyspnea on exertion, hemoptysis	Progressive bilateral mediastinal involvement. Occlusion left superior and inferior pulmonary veins and superior vena cava. Stenosis right superior pulmonary vein and right upper lobe bronchus. Recurrent large left pleural effusion.	Positive serology, calcified granulomas lung, calcified bilateral mediastinal mass	Over the course of 12 months: Severe dyspnea on exertion, large left pleural effusion, progressive bronchial and pulmonary vein obstruction, approximately 17% increase in size of mediastinal mass	Prednisone, itraconazole, indwelling pleural catheter
3	38/Female	Dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, palpitations	Progressive bilateral mediastinal involvement. Occlusion left superior and inferior pulmonary vein and left pulmonary artery. Stenosis left upper and lower lobe bronchus.	Positive serology, calcified granulomas lung, left and central noncalcified mass with calcified left hilar lymph nodes	Over the course of 12 months: Increased dyspnea, hemoptysis, left pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein obstruction, approximately 80% increase in size of mediastinal mass	Prednisone, itraconazole, bronchial artery embolization