Table 1.
Study Group
| Characteristic | Caffeine (n = 98) | Placebo (n = 103) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 9.3 ± 2.1 | 0.58 |
| Males | 58 (59.1) | 57 (55.3) | 0.68 |
| Maternal race | |||
| White | 80 (81.6) | 88 (85.4) | 0.47 |
| Asian | 11 (11.2) | 9 (8.7) | |
| Black | 5 (5.1) | 6 (5.8) | |
| Other | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Site | |||
| Canada | 51 (52.0) | 62 (60.2) | 0.24 |
| Australia | 47 (48.0) | 41 (39.8) | |
| Gestational age, wk | 27.2 ± 1.6 | 27.3 ± 1.7 | 0.94 |
| Birth weight, g | 987 ± 164 | 953 ± 174 | 0.16 |
| BMI z-score* | −0.12 ± 1.33 | −0.17 ± 1.11 | 0.75 |
| Weight class* | |||
| Obese (BMI > 95th percentile) | 11 (11.2) | 4 (3.4) | 0.12 |
| BMI 5th–95th percentile | 76 (77.6) | 86 (84.3) | |
| Failure to thrive (BMI < 5th percentile) | 11 (11.2) | 12 (11.8) | |
| Time between study and anthropometric measurements, yr | 0.79 ± 1.87 | 1.18 ± 1.76 | 0.14 |
| Maternal education | |||
| Did not finish high school or equivalent | 18 (18.4) | 12 (11.7) | 0.29 |
| Completed high school or equivalent | 31 (31.6) | 41 (39.8) | |
| Attended college/university | 49 (50.0) | 50 (48.5) |
Definition of abbreviation: BMI = body mass index.
Data shown as mean ± SD or n (%).
*
n = 200.