Table 2.
Echocardiogram Data
| BPD Severity |
P Value* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All [n (%) or Median (IQR)] | None [n (%) or Median (IQR)] | Mild [n (%) or Median (IQR)] | Moderate [n (%) or Median (IQR)] | Severe [n (%) or Median (IQR)] | ||
| At 7 Days of Age | N = 274 | N = 50 | N = 98 | N = 62 | N = 64 | |
| PDA | 94 (34.3) | 8 (16) | 30 (30.6) | 26 (41.9) | 30 (46.9) | 0.003 |
| PFO/ASD | 221 (80.7) | 42 (84) | 74 (75.5) | 52 (83.9) | 53 (82.8) | 0.45 |
| VSD | 8 (2.9) | 2 (4) | 1 (1) | 2 (3.2) | 3 (4.7) | 0.51 |
| TRJV present | 30 (8) | 4 (8) | 12 (12.2) | 8 (12.9) | 6 (9.4) | 0.82 |
| RVSP > 40 mm Hg | 2 (6.7) | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 0 | 1 (16.7) | 0.78 |
| RVSP/sBP > 0.5 | 15 (50) | 1 (25) | 7 (58.3) | 4 (50) | 3 (50) | 0.76 |
| Septal wall flattening | 97 (35.4) | 15 (30) | 28 (28.6) | 22 (35.5) | 32 (50) | 0.06 |
| RA enlargement | 1 (0.36) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.6) | 0.63 |
| RV hypertrophy | 5 (1.8) | 1 (2) | 0 | 2 (3.2) | 2 (3.1) | 0.17 |
| RV dilation | 6 (2.2) | 0 | 2 (2) | 0 | 4 (6.3) | 0.09 |
| Primary PH criteria | 115 (42) | 18 (36) | 37 (37.8) | 26 (41.9) | 34 (53.1) | 0.19 |
| Alternative PH criteria 1 | 37 (13.5) | 3 (6) | 16 (16.3) | 10 (16.1) | 8 (12.5) | 0.31 |
| Alternative PH criteria 2 | 36 (13.1) | 3 (6) | 16 (16.3) | 9 (14.5) | 8 (12.5) | 0.35 |
| At 36 Weeks PMA | N = 277 | N = 50 | N = 100 | N = 62 | N = 65 | |
| Gestational age at birth (range) | 27 (25–28) | 29 (28–30) | 26.5 (26–28) | 26 (25–27) | 26 (24–27) | <0.0001 |
| PDA | 34 (12.3) | 4 (8) | 11 (11) | 13 (21) | 6 (9.2) | 0.15 |
| PFO/ASD | 215 (77.6) | 41 (82) | 78 (78) | 48 (77.4) | 48 (73.9) | 0.78 |
| VSD | 7 (2.5) | 2 (4) | 2 (2) | 2 (3.2) | 1 (1.5) | 0.77 |
| TRJV present | 18 (6.5) | 2 (4) | 4 (4) | 5 (8.1) | 7 (10.8) | 0.3 |
| RVSP > 40 mm Hg | 2 (11.1) | 0 | 1 (25) | 0 | 1 (14.3) | 0.77 |
| RVSP/sBP > 0.5 | 7 (38.9) | 1 (50) | 1 (25) | 2 (40) | 3 (42.9) | 1 |
| Septal wall flattening | 33 (11.9) | 5 (10) | 8 (8) | 3 (4.8) | 17 (26.2) | 0.002 |
| RA enlargement | 15 (5.4) | 2 (4) | 4 (4) | 2 (3.2) | 7 (10.8) | 0.28 |
| RV hypertrophy | 9 (3.3) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0 | 8 (12.3) | <0.0001 |
| RV dilation | 25 (9) | 2 (4) | 5 (5) | 4 (6.5) | 14 (21.5) | 0.004 |
| Primary PH criteria | 39 (14.1) | 5 (10) | 9 (9) | 6 (9.7) | 19 (29.2) | 0.001 |
| Alternative PH criteria 1 | 13 (4.7) | 1 (2) | 4 (4) | 4 (6.5) | 4 (6.2) | 0.66 |
| Alternative PH criteria 2 | 9 (3.3) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (4.8) | 3 (4.6) | 0.65 |
Definition of abbreviations: ASD = atrial septal defect; BPD = bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IQR = interquartile range; PDA = patent ductus arteriosus; PFO = patent foramen ovale; PH = pulmonary hypertension; PMA = post-menstrual age; RA = right atrial; RSVP = right ventricular systolic pressure; RV = right ventricular; sBP = systolic blood pressure; TRJV = tricuspid regurgitant velocity; VSD = ventricular septal defect.
*
P values represent results of Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance for tests.