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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014 Oct 16;23(1):207–212. doi: 10.1002/oby.20903

Table 2.

Principal associations of CSD with BMI trajectories from growth-curve models, boys and girls aged 3-18 years

MODEL 1(a) MODEL 2 MODEL 3
Fixed effects: Beta
Coefficient 		(SE) Beta
Coefficient 		SE Beta
Coefficient 		SE
Fixed Intercept 19.7656*** 0.0198 19.4465***
(e)		 0.0270 19.3615*** 0.0274
Age in years(b) 0.8901*** 0.0029 0.8280*** 0.0046 0.8104*** 0.0046
Age2 0.0199*** 0.0003 0.0206*** 0.0005 0.0203*** 0.0005
Age3 −0.0052*** 5exp-5 −0.0048*** 8exp-5 −0.0046*** 8exp-5
Community socioeconomic deprivation (CSD)(c),
 CSD 2nd Q.(d) 0.1360*** 0.0162 0.4842*** 0.0345 0.4423*** 0.0345
  CSD 3rd Q. 0.1812*** 0.0168 0.5951*** 0.0340 0.5310*** 0.0341
  CSD 4th Q. 0.2325*** 0.0176 0.7113*** 0.0337 0.6024*** 0.0342
Age × CSD 2nd
Q. 		0.0726*** 0.0059 0.0628*** 0.0059
Age × CSD 3rd Q. 0.0716*** 0.0058 0.0567*** 0.0058
Age × CSD 4th Q. 0.0987*** 0.0057 0.0729*** 0.0058
Age2 × CSD 2nd
Q. 		−0.0011 0.0007 −0.0014** 0.0007
Age2 × CSD 3rd
Q. 		−0.0022*** 0.0007 −0.0027*** 0.0007
Age2 × CSD 4th
Q. 		−0.0008 0.0006 −0.0017** 0.0007
Age3 × CSD 2nd
Q. 		−0.0006*** 0.0001 −0.0004*** 0.0001
Age3 × CSD 3rd
Q. 		−0.0004*** 0.0001 −0.0003** 0.0001
Age3 × CSD 4th
Q. 		−0.0005*** 0.0001 −0.0003** 0.0001
Medical
Assistance 		0.5165*** 0.0261
Age × Medical
Assistance 		0.1095*** 0.0045
Age2 × Medical
Assistance 		0.0028*** 0.0005
Age3 × Medical
Assistance 		−0.0009*** 0.0001
Random effects
Level 1 residual
2 variance δ2
Ages 3-5 		0.5521 0.00386 0.5519 0.00386 0.5517 0.00385
Ages 5-8 0.8217 0.00741 0.8219 0.00741 0.8219 0.00741
Ages 8 + 1.7004 0.00588 1.7006 0.00588 1.6999 0.00588
Variance in child-
specific intercept
(πoo) 		17.5362 0.00108 17.5087 0.07567 17.4618 0.07549
Variance in
random slope of
age (π10) 		0.1785 0.001098 0.1775 0.00109 0.1763 0.00109
Variance of
random slope of
age2 (π20) 		0.002037 0.00002 0.00204 0.00002 0.002035 0.00002
Overall model fit
(−2 log likelihood) 		2241302 2240956 2240070
Change in −2 log
likelihood 		346 886
a

Mixed effects (multilevel) models estimated using full maximum likelihood. Level 1 residuals estimated separately for three age groups. All models contained a random intercept for each child along with fixed main effects of sex and race/ethnicity (black, Hispanic, and other, non- Hispanic white is reference), random slopes of age and age2, and fixed effects cross-products of all age terms with sex and race/ethnicity.

b

Age was centered at the overall population grand mean of 10.7 years. Therefore, the overall intercept represents the fixed estimate of BMI at the population average age, conditional on the random effects in the model.

c

First quartile of the CSD distribution is the reference group

d

CSD 2nd Q. (low-moderate), CSD 3rd Q. (moderate-high), CSD 4 Q. (highest), are the second, third and fourth quartiles of CSD, with ranges of [−1.77–0.51; 0.51–3.73; and 3.73 31.38] respectively. The reference group, CSD 1st Quartile (lowest) had a range of [−7.82–1.77].

e

**p-value < 0.001;**0.001 > p-value ≤ 0.05.