Table 2.
Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) between Alzheimer’s disease participants and healthy controls at baseline, controlling for age and education
| Scale/Test | Alzheimer’s Disease (N=244) | Healthy Controls (N=51) | ANCOVA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||
| Mean | SE | Mean | SE | μcontrol-μAD | SDpooled | Effect Size* | F-statistic | P-value | |
| Disability Assessment for Dementia | 77.5 | 1.06 | 98.4 | 2.43 | 20.8 | 16.12 | 1.29 | 59.77 | < 0.001 |
| Clinical Dementia Rating -SOB | 5.1 | 0.15 | 0.1 | 0.35 | -4.9 | 2.31 | -2.13 | 162.78 | < 0.001 |
| Mini-Mental State Exam | 19.7 | 0.23 | 28.9 | 0.54 | 9.2 | 3.57 | 2.58 | 238.4 | < 0.001 |
| Dependence Scale | 5.3 | 0.13 | 0.4 | 0.29 | -5 | 1.95 | -2.55 | 232.53 | < 0.001 |
| Neuropsychiatric Inventory Total Score | 7.9 | 0.6 | 1 | 1.38 | -6.9 | 9.17 | -0.75 | 20.23 | < 0.001 |
| NPI Caregiver Distress | 4.2 | 0.31 | 0.4 | 0.71 | -3.8 | 4.75 | -0.81 | 23.31 | < 0.001 |
| ADAS-Cog | 21.1 | 0.53 | 4.5 | 1.2 | -16.5 | 7.98 | -2.07 | 153.97 | < 0.001 |
| NTB-Executive Function | -1.2 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.09 | 1.2 | 0.62 | 1.96 | 137.74 | < 0.001 |
| NTB-Memory | -2.4 | 0.06 | 0.4 | 0.13 | 2.8 | 0.88 | 3.19 | 365.83 | < 0.001 |
| Total NTB Score | -2 | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.11 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 3.27 | 382.21 | < 0.001 |
*
Effect size is defined as the absolute value of Cohen’s d; d=[mean difference]/[pooled SD].