. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2014 Dec 18;8(1):20–26. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-14-0250

Table 3.

Univariate analysis: Correlations^* (p-value) with urinary biomarkers (N= 344–358)

	TNE nmol/mg creatinine	Total NNAL pmol/mg creatinine	Total NNN pmol/mg creatinine

Age 1^st used snuff	−0.18 (0.001)	−0.18 (0.001)	−0.09 (0.088)
# years daily snuff user	0.50 (<0.001)	0.52 (<0.001)	0.42 (<0.001)
Dependencescore	0.22 (<0.001)	0.16 (0.003)	0.13 (0.012)
Median dip weight (grams)	−0.001 (0.980)	0.06 (0.297	0.02 (0.686)
Tins per week	0.36 (<0.001)	0.36 (<0.001)	0.31 (<0.001)
Mean dips per day	0.45 (<0.001)	0.41 (<0.001)	0.34 (<0.001)
Mean duration per dip (min)	0.40 (<0.001)	0.36 (<0.001)	0.32 (<0.001)
Mean daily dip duration (hr)	0.67 (<0.001)	0.61 (<0.001)	0.53 (<0.001)
Free nicotine	−0.10 (0.069)	−0.002 (0.956)	−0.03 (0.522)
NNK		0.23 (<0.001)
NNK/Free nicotine		0.22 (<0.001)
NNN constituent			0.25 (<0.001)
NNN/Free nicotine			0.28 (<0.001)

The non-parametric Spearman correlation coefficient