Table 5.

Multiple regression analysis for biomarkers (adjusted for creatinine) The model contains only the covariates that were significant in the final regression (Table 4) with a p-value<0.05.

Dependent variable=TNE nmol/mg creatinine (N=351)	R-squared=0.32
Covariates	Coefficent (SE)	P-value
Intercept	−10.6 (7.8)	0.175
Number of years using snuff daily	1.3 (0.3)	<0.001
Tins per week	4.8 (1.5)	0.002
Mean daily dip duration (hr)	7.2 (0.9)	<0.001
Dependent variable=total NNAL pmol/mg creatinine* (N=345)	R-squared=0.49
Covariates	exp(Coeff) (95% CI)	P-value
Number of years using snuff daily	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)	<0.001
Tins per week	1.13 (1.09, 1.18)	<0.001
Mean daily dip duration (hr)	1.13 (1.10, 1.16)	<0.001
Constituent yield: NNK µg/g wet wt	1.32 (1.16, 1.51)	<0.001
Dependent variable=total NNN pmol/mg creatinine* (N=337)	R-squared=0.40
Covariates	exp(Coeff) (95% CI)	P-value
Number of years using snuff daily	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)	0.001
Tins per week	1.10 (1.05, 1.15)	<0.001
Mean daily dip duration (hr)	1.14 (1.11, 1.17)	<0.001
Constituent yield: NNN µg/g wet wt	1.12 (1.06, 1.17)	<0.001

^*Analyzed in the logarithmic scale

Note: For total NNN/creat, one subject with NNN >60 was excluded from the analysis