Table 2.
Association between patient characteristics and depression at baseline, Wave 2 and Wave 3 follow-up
| Baseline | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Not depressed (n=147) |
Depressed (n=201) |
Not depressed (n=127) |
Depressed (n=104) |
Not depressed (n=75) |
Depressed (n=68) |
| Opioid use | ||||||
| No use | 61.2% | 45.8%* | 53.7% | 40.6% | 59.5% | 37.9%* |
| 50 mg or lower | 32.7% | 45.8% | 39.0% | 44.5% | 23.0% | 36.4% |
| > 50 mg | 6.1% | 8.5% | 7.3% | 14.9% | 17.6% | 25.8% |
| Sociodemographics | ||||||
| Age: | ||||||
| 18 to 45 | 25.8% | 24.4% | 22.8% | 19.2%* | 28.0% | 23.5% |
| 46 to 59 | 38.1% | 49.7% | 35.4% | 53.9% | 34.7% | 47.1% |
| 60 and over | 36.1% | 25.9% | 41.7% | 26.9% | 37.3% | 29.4% |
| Race: | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 47.6% | 39.8% | 53.5% | 35.6%** | 58.7% | 39.7%* |
| Other | 52.4% | 60.2% | 46.5% | 64.4% | 41.3% | 60.3% |
| Gender: | ||||||
| Male | 25.2% | 29.8% | 21.3% | 26.9% | 26.7% | 27.9% |
| Female | 74.8% | 70.2% | 78.7% | 73.1% | 73.3% | 72.1% |
| Education: | ||||||
| < High school | 14.3% | 27.4%** | 14.2% | 27.9%** | 13.3% | 20.6% |
| ≥ High school | 85.7% | 72.6% | 85.8% | 72.1% | 86.7% | 79.4% |
| Applying for/On disability: | 33.3% | 61.2%*** | 36.2% | 55.8%** | 30.7% | 58.8%*** |
| Psychosocial characteristics | ||||||
| # close stressful people (mean± sd) | .09 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 1.2** | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | 1.3 ± 1.2 |
| # close supportive people (mean± sd) | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 2.4 ± 1.7** | 2.9 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 2.0 | 2.6 ± 1.7* |
| Pain Characteristics | ||||||
| Pain severity (mean± sd) | 6.0 ± 2.3 | 7.3 ± 2.0*** | 5.6 ± 2.9 | 7.4 ± 2.1*** | 5.4 ± 2.6 | 6.8 ± 2.3** |
| Pain duration (years; mean± sd) | 13.5 ±13.4 | 13.7 ±13.3 | 13.4 ± 12.6 | 15.9 ± 14.9 | 15.3 ± 16.1 | 15.4 ± 12.2 |
| Health Related Quality of Life2 | ||||||
| SF - Pain interference (mean± sd) | 44.3 ± 26.8 | 22.5 ± 22.3*** | 46.6 ± 22.6 | 25.2 ± 22.4*** | 49.3 ± 28.1 | 25.4 ± 22.2*** |
| SF- Physical functioning (mean± sd) | 43.4 ± 28.7 | 25.0 ± 23.0*** | 47.6 ± 29.4 | 23.5 ± 22.1*** | 49.7 ± 31.4 | 31.8 ± 26.8*** |
| SF - Role physical (mean± sd) | 19.7 ± 31.4 | 6.5 ± 17.2*** | 22.8 ± 33.7 | 4.6 ± 14.4*** | 23.1 ± 36.5 | 8.5 ± 21.0*** |
| SF - General health (mean± sd) | 53.0 ± 23.7 | 32.4 ± 21.4*** | 48.9 ± 23.8 | 30.8 ± 22.0*** | 50.9 ± 24.9 | 35.3 ± 20.9*** |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| # comorbidities (mean± sd)3 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.8*** | 3.3 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 4.0 ± 2.1** |
| Anxiety – yes | 59.9% | 96.0%*** | 58.3% | 84.6%*** | 38.7% | 89.7%*** |
| Obese/overweight | 79.9% | 82.7% | 84.1% | 89.5% | 78.5% | 85.3% |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
1) morphine equivalent dose, 2) RAND-SF36 subscales, higher scores indicate better functioning, 3) comorbid conditions from patient chart, 4 ) of the 330 patients that completed wave 2, there were 234 patients who completed the survey and 322 who had chart data; out of the 194 patients in wave 3, 144 patients completed the survey and 191 patients had chart data.