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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2015 Feb;156(2):348–355. doi: 10.1097/01.j.pain.0000460316.58110.a0

Table 4.

Mixed ordinal logistic regression models measuring the association (Odds Ratio (95%CI)) between change in depression and change in morphine equivalent opioid dose (MED) over time before and after adjusting for covariates.

Model 1
OR (95% CI)		 Model 2
OR (95% CI)		 Model 3
OR (95% CI)		 Model 4
OR (95% CI)		 Model 5
OR (95% CI)		 Model 6
OR (95% CI)		 Model 7
OR (95% CI)
Depression 2.13
(1.36–3.36)		 1.85
(1.17–2.92)		 1.38
(0.86–2.22)		 2.38
(1.43–3.97)		 2.03
(1.28–3.21)		 1.95
(1.23–3.10)		 1.65
(0.97–2.81)
Pain Characteristics
Pain Severity 1.14
(1.03–1.25)		 1.03
(0.91–1.18)
Pain Duration (yrs) 1.00
(0.98–1.02)		 1.00
(0.97–1.02)
Health Related Quality of Life
SF-Pain Interfere 0.99
(0.98–1.00)		 0.99
(0.98–1.01)
SF-Physical Func 0.99
(0.98–1.00)		 0.99
(0.98–1.00)
SF-Physical Role 0.99
(0.98–1.00)		 0.99
(0.98–1.01)
SF-Gen Health 1.00
(0.99–1.01)		 1.01
(1.00–1.02)
Comorbidities
# comorbidities 1.17
(1.01–1.34)		 1.12
(0.97–1.29)
Anxiety: 0.76
(0.42–1.39)		 0.75
(0.41–1.38)
Obese/over weight 0.46
(0.22–0.94)		 0.74
(0.35–1.52)
Psychosocial characteristics
# stressful people 1.03
(0.81–1.32)		 1.01
(0.78–1.31)
# support people 0.86
(0.74–1.01)		 0.88
(0.75–1.04)
Demographic characteristics
Age:
≥ 60 0.99
(0.46–2.13)		 0.66
(0.27–1.63)
46–59 0.99
(0.49–1.98)		 0.80
(0.38–1.68)
18–45 1.00 1.00
Race: Non-white 0.57
(0.31–1.02)		 0.55
(0.30–1.03)
Education: < high school 0.58
(0.28–1.18)		 0.59
(0.27–1.26)
Gender: female 0.69
(0.37–1.28)		 0.61
(0.33–1.16)
Disability Status: On/apply 3.64
(2.01–6.59)		 2.51
(1.31–4.82)
Model Information
Pseudo R-square 42.41% 42.89% 45.33% 44.46% 42.69% 44.94% 48.09%
AIC 1250.03 1245.4 1205.24 1140.85 1250.51 1232.73 1104.16
a

All models adjusted for years since baseline assessment