Table 4.
Association of Pretreatment Factors with VL >400 copies/mL at Delivery
| Viral load at delivery >400 copies/mL | Multivariable Baseline Model (Pre-Treatment variables only) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Total | N | % | P-value1 | Adjusted Probability2 (95% CI) | P-value3 | |
|
| ||||||
| 671 | 88 | 13.1 | ||||
|
Characteristics
| ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 13–19 | 53 | 9 | 17.0% | 0.25 | 13.6% (6.8, 25.3) | 0.42 |
| 20–34 | 540 | 73 | 13.5% | 10.5% (8.0, 13.7) | ||
| 35+ | 78 | 6 | 7.7% | 5.1% (2.1, 11.7) | ||
| Parity4 | ||||||
| Nulliparous | 262 | 21 | 8.0% | 0.002 | ||
| Multiparous | 409 | 67 | 16.4% | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Black Non-Hispanic | 397 | 70 | 17.6% | <0.001 | 15.1% (11.7, 19.3) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 198 | 13 | 6.6% | 5.3% (3.0, 9.2) | ||
| White Non-Hispanic/Other5 | 76 | 5 | 6.6% | 4.9% (1.9, 11.8) | ||
| Highest level of education | ||||||
| 11th grade or less | 239 | 42 | 17.6% | 0.013 | 14.4% (10.3, 19.7) | 0.002 |
| High school graduate/equivalent | 313 | 38 | 12.1% | 9.7% (6.8, 13.6) | ||
| Some college or more | 119 | 8 | 6.7% | 4.7% (2.2, 9.7) | ||
| Pre-treatment viral load (copies/mL) during pregnancy | ||||||
| <10,000 | 275 | 28 | 10.2% | 0.065 | 8.1% (5.5, 11.8) | 0.007 |
| ≥10,000 | 202 | 32 | 15.8% | 12.9% (9.1, 18.0) | ||
| Missing | 194 | 28 | 14.4% | |||
| HAART6 initiation timing | ||||||
| 1st trimester | 128 | 11 | 8.6% | 0.003 | 6.6% (3.5, 12.0) | 0.006 |
| 2nd trimester | 455 | 56 | 12.3% | 9.5% (7.0, 12.8) | ||
| 3rd trimester | 88 | 21 | 23.9% | 20.8% (13.4, 30.9) | ||
| HIV diagnosis timing4 | ||||||
| Prior to current pregnancy | 279 | 45 | 16.1% | 0.051 | ||
| During current pregnancy | 392 | 43 | 11.0% | |||
| First prenatal visit4 | ||||||
| 1st trimester | 381 | 40 | 10.5% | 0.002 | ||
| 2nd trimester | 244 | 35 | 14.3% | |||
| 3rd trimester | 27 | 9 | 33.3% | |||
| Missing | 19 | 4 | 21.1% | |||
| Initial HAART6 regimen7 | ||||||
| 2 NRTIs/NNRTI | 49 | 3 | 6.1% | 0.14 | 4.2% (1.3, 12.9) | 0.088 |
| 2 NRTIs/PI | 159 | 27 | 17.0% | 13.4% (8.8, 19.9) | ||
| 2 NRTIs/PI/RTV | 353 | 41 | 11.6% | 9.0% (6.3, 12.6) | ||
| 3 NRTIs | 110 | 17 | 15.5% | 12.4% (7.5, 19.9) | ||
| Calendar year4 | ||||||
| 2002–2004 | 116 | 18 | 15.5% | 0.46 | ||
| 2005–2007 | 241 | 34 | 14.1% | |||
| 2008–2011 | 314 | 36 | 11.5% | |||
Chi square test comparing proportion of detectable VL across covariate levels (among non-missing data).
For a given covariate, predicted probabilities were estimated at mean of the other covariates in the model.
Overall Wald Chi-square test from logistic regression modeling, pooled over 30 imputations
Variables not selected for multivariable modeling due to association with other covariates.
Included all other race responses (Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, Alaskan Native, unknown, and refused to report)
HAART: highly-active antiretroviral therapy
NRTI: nucleoside/nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI: non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; PI: protease inhibitor; RTV: ritonavir.